Network Working Group M. Chen
Request for Comments: 5392 R. Zhang
Category: Standards Track Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
X. Duan
China Mobile
January 2009
OSPF Extensions in Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS)
MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Abstract
This document describes extensions to the OSPF version 2 and 3
protocols to support Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) for multiple
Autonomous Systems (ASes). OSPF-TE v2 and v3 extensions are defined
for the flooding of TE information about inter-AS links that can be
used to perform inter-AS TE path computation.
No support for flooding information from within one AS to another AS
is proposed or defined in this document.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................3
2. Problem Statement ...............................................3
2.1. A Note on Non-Objectives ...................................4
2.2. Per-Domain Path Determination ..............................4
2.3. Backward Recursive Path Computation ........................6
3. Extensions to OSPF ..............................................7
3.1. LSA Definitions ............................................8
3.1.1. Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA ..................................8
3.1.2. Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA ..................................8
3.2. LSA Payload ................................................9
3.2.1. Link TLV ............................................9
3.3. Sub-TLV Details ...........................................10
3.3.1. Remote AS Number Sub-TLV ...........................10
3.3.2. IPv4 Remote ASBR ID Sub-TLV ........................11
3.3.3. IPv6 Remote ASBR ID Sub-TLV ........................11
4. Procedure for Inter-AS TE Links ................................12
4.1. Origin of Proxied TE Information ..........................13
5. Security Considerations ........................................14
6. IANA Considerations ............................................14
6.1. Inter-AS TE OSPF LSA ......................................14
6.1.1. Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA .................................14
6.1.2. Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA .................................14
6.2. OSPF LSA Sub-TLVs Type ....................................15
7. Acknowledgments ................................................15
8. References .....................................................15
8.1. Normative References ......................................15
8.2. Informative References ....................................16
1. Introduction
[OSPF-TE] defines extensions to the OSPF protocol [OSPF] to support
intra-area Traffic Engineering (TE). The extensions provide a way of
encoding the TE information for TE-enabled links within the network
(TE links) and flooding this information within an area. Type 10
Opaque Link State Advertisements (LSAs) [RFC5250] are used to carry
such TE information. Two top-level Type Length Values (TLVs) are
defined in [OSPF-TE]: Router Address TLV and Link TLV. The Link TLV
has several nested sub-TLVs that describe the TE attributes for a TE
link.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
[OSPF-V3-TE] defines similar extensions to OSPFv3 [OSPFV3]. It
defines a new LSA, which is referred to as the Intra-Area-TE LSA, to
advertise TE information. [OSPF-V3-TE] uses "Traffic Engineering
Extensions to OSPF" [OSPF-TE] as a base for TLV definitions and
defines some new TLVs and sub-TLVs to extend TE capabilities to IPv6
networks.
Requirements for establishing Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic
Engineering (MPLS-TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) that cross multiple
Autonomous Systems (ASes) are described in [INTER-AS-TE-REQ]. As
described in [INTER-AS-TE-REQ], a method SHOULD provide the ability
to compute a path spanning multiple ASes. So a path computation
entity that may be the head-end Label Switching Router (LSR), an AS
Border Router (ASBR), or a Path Computation Element [PCE] needs to
know the TE information not only of the links within an AS, but also
of the links that connect to other ASes.
In this document, two new separate LSAs are defined to advertise
inter-AS TE information for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, respectively, and
three new sub-TLVs are added to the existing Link TLV to extend TE
capabilities for inter-AS Traffic Engineering. The detailed
definitions and procedures are discussed in the following sections.
This document does not propose or define any mechanisms to advertise
any other extra-AS TE information within OSPF. See Section 2.1 for a
full list of non-objectives for this work.
1.1. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Problem Statement
As described in [INTER-AS-TE-REQ], in the case of establishing an
inter-AS TE LSP traversing multiple ASes, the Path message [RFC3209]
may include the following elements in the Explicit Route Object (ERO)
in order to describe the path of the LSP:
- a set of AS numbers as loose hops; and/or
- a set of LSRs including ASBRs as loose hops.
Two methods for determining inter-AS paths are currently being
discussed. The per-domain method [PD-PATH] determines the path one
domain at a time. The backward recursive method [BRPC] uses
cooperation between PCEs to determine an optimum inter-domain path.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
The sections that follow examine how inter-AS TE link information
could be useful in both cases.
2.1. A Note on Non-Objectives
It is important to note that this document does not make any change
to the confidentiality and scaling assumptions surrounding the use of
ASes in the Internet. In particular, this document is conformant to
the requirements set out in [INTER-AS-TE-REQ].
The following features are explicitly excluded:
o There is no attempt to distribute TE information from within one
AS to another AS.
o There is no mechanism proposed to distribute any form of TE
reachability information for destinations outside the AS.
o There is no proposed change to the PCE architecture or usage.
o TE aggregation is not supported or recommended.
o There is no exchange of private information between ASes.
o No OSPF adjacencies are formed on the inter-AS link.
Note also that the extensions proposed in this document are used only
to advertise information about inter-AS TE links. As such these
extensions address an entirely different problem from L1VPN Auto-
Discovery [L1VPN-OSPF-AD], which defines how TE information about
links between Customer Edge (CE) equipment and Provider Edge (PE)
equipment can be advertised in OSPF-TE alongside the auto-discovery
information for the CE-PE links. There is no overlap between this
document and [L1VPN-OSPF-AD].
2.2. Per-Domain Path Determination
In the per-domain method of determining an inter-AS path for an
MPLS-TE LSP, when an LSR that is an entry point to an AS receives a
Path message from an upstream AS with an ERO containing a next hop
that is an AS number, it needs to find which LSRs (ASBRs) within the
local AS are connected to the downstream AS so that it can compute a
TE LSP segment across the local AS to one of those LSRs and forward
the Path message to it and hence into the next AS. See Figure 1 for
an example:
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
R1------R3----R5-----R7------R9-----R11
| | \ | / |
| | \ | ---- |
| | \ | / |
R2------R4----R6 --R8------R10----R12
: :
<-- AS1 -->:<---- AS2 --->:<--- AS3 --->
Figure 1: Inter-AS Reference Model
The figure shows three ASes (AS1, AS2, and AS3) and twelve LSRs (R1
through R12). R3 and R4 are ASBRs in AS1. R5, R6, R7, and R8 are
ASBRs in AS2. R9 and R10 are ASBRs in AS3.
If an inter-AS TE LSP is planned to be established from R1 to R12,
the AS sequence will be: AS1, AS2, AS3.
Suppose that the Path message enters AS2 from R3. The next hop in
the ERO shows AS3, and R5 must determine a path segment across AS2 to
reach AS3. It has a choice of three exit points from AS2 (R6, R7,
and R8) and it needs to know which of these provide TE connectivity
to AS3, and whether the TE connectivity (for example, available
bandwidth) is adequate for the requested LSP.
Alternatively, if the next hop in the ERO is the entry ASBR for AS3
(say R9), R5 needs to know which of its exit ASBRs has a TE link that
connects to R9. Since there may be multiple ASBRs that are connected
to R9 (both R7 and R8 in this example), R5 also needs to know the TE
properties of the inter-AS TE links so that it can select the correct
exit ASBR.
Once the path message reaches the exit ASBR, any choice of inter-AS
TE link can be made by the ASBR if not already made by the entry ASBR
that computed the segment.
More details can be found in Section 4 of [PD-PATH], which clearly
points out why the advertising of inter-AS links is desired.
To enable R5 to make the correct choice of exit ASBR, the following
information is needed:
o List of all inter-AS TE links for the local AS.
o TE properties of each inter-AS TE link.
o AS number of the neighboring AS to which each inter-AS TE link
is connected.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
o Identity (TE Router ID) of the neighboring ASBR to which each
inter-AS TE link is connected.
In GMPLS networks, further information may also be required to select
the correct TE links as defined in [GMPLS-TE].
The example above shows how this information is needed at the entry
point ASBRs for each AS (or the PCEs that provide computation
services for the ASBRs), but this information is also needed
throughout the local AS if path computation function is fully
distributed among LSRs in the local AS, for example, to support LSPs
that have start points (ingress nodes) within the AS.
2.3. Backward Recursive Path Computation
Another scenario using PCE techniques has the same problem. [BRPC]
defines a PCE-based TE LSP computation method (called Backward
Recursive Path Computation) to compute optimal inter-domain
constrained MPLS-TE or GMPLS LSPs. In this path computation method,
a specific set of traversed domains (ASes) are assumed to be selected
before computation starts. Each downstream PCE in domain(i) returns
to its upstream neighbor PCE in domain(i-1) a multipoint-to-point
tree of potential paths. Each tree consists of the set of paths from
all Boundary Nodes located in domain(i) to the destination where each
path satisfies the set of required constraints for the TE LSP
(bandwidth, affinities, etc.).
So a PCE needs to select Boundary Nodes (that is, ASBRs) that provide
connectivity from the upstream AS. In order that the tree of paths
provided by one PCE to its neighbor can be correlated, the identities
of the ASBRs for each path need to be referenced, so the PCE must
know the identities of the ASBRs in the remote AS reached by any
inter-AS TE link, and, in order that it provides only suitable paths
in the tree, the PCE must know the TE properties of the inter-AS TE
links. See the following figure as an example:
PCE1<------>PCE2<-------->PCE3
/ : :
/ : :
R1------R3----R5-----R7------R9-----R11
| | \ | / |
| | \ | ---- |
| | \ | / |
R2------R4----R6 --R8------R10----R12
: :
<-- AS1 -->:<---- AS2 --->:<--- AS3 --->
Figure 2: BRPC for Inter-AS Reference Model
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
The figure shows three ASes (AS1, AS2, and AS3), three PCEs (PCE1,
PCE2, and PCE3), and twelve LSRs (R1 through R12). R3 and R4 are
ASBRs in AS1. R5, R6, R7, and R8 are ASBRs in AS2. R9 and R10 are
ASBRs in AS3. PCE1, PCE2, and PCE3 cooperate to perform inter-AS
path computation and are responsible for path segment computation
within their own domain(s).
If an inter-AS TE LSP is planned to be established from R1 to R12,
the traversed domains are assumed to be selected: AS1->AS2->AS3, and
the PCE chain is: PCE1->PCE2->PCE3. First, the path computation
request originated from the Path Computation Client (R1) is relayed
by PCE1 and PCE2 along the PCE chain to PCE3, then PCE3 begins to
compute the path segments from the entry boundary nodes that provide
connection from AS2 to the destination (R12). But, to provide
suitable path segments, PCE3 must determine which entry boundary
nodes provide connectivity to its upstream neighbor AS (identified by
its AS number), and must know the TE properties of the inter-AS TE
links. In the same way, PCE2 also needs to determine the entry
boundary nodes according to its upstream neighbor AS and the inter-AS
TE link capabilities.
Thus, to support Backward Recursive Path Computation the same
information listed in Section 2.2 is required. The AS number of the
neighboring AS to which each inter-AS TE link is connected is
particularly important.
3. Extensions to OSPF
Note that this document does not define mechanisms for distribution
of TE information from one AS to another, does not distribute any
form of TE reachability information for destinations outside the AS,
does not change the PCE architecture or usage, does not suggest or
recommend any form of TE aggregation, and does not feed private
information between ASes. See Section 2.1.
The extensions defined in this document allow an inter-AS TE link
advertisement to be easily identified as such by the use of two new
types of LSA, which are referred to as Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA and
Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA. Three new sub-TLVs are added to the Link TLV to
carry the information about the neighboring AS and the remote ASBR.
While some of the TE information of an inter-AS TE link may be
available within the AS from other protocols, in order to avoid any
dependency on where such protocols are processed, this mechanism
carries all the information needed for the required TE operations.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
3.1. LSA Definitions
3.1.1. Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA
For the advertisement of OSPFv2 inter-AS TE links, a new Opaque LSA,
the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA, is defined in this document. The
Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA has the same format as "Traffic Engineering LSA",
which is defined in [OSPF-TE].
The inter-AS TE link advertisement SHOULD be carried in a Type 10
Opaque LSA [RFC5250] if the flooding scope is to be limited to within
the single IGP area to which the ASBR belongs, or MAY be carried in a
Type 11 Opaque LSA [RFC5250] if the information is intended to reach
all routers (including area border routers, ASBRs, and PCEs) in the
AS. The choice between the use of a Type 10 (area-scoped) or Type 11
(AS-scoped) Opaque LSA is an AS-wide policy choice, and configuration
control of it SHOULD be provided in ASBR implementations that support
the advertisement of inter-AS TE links.
The Link State ID of an Opaque LSA as defined in [RFC5250] is divided
into two parts. One of them is the Opaque type (8-bit), the other is
the Opaque ID (24-bit). The value for the Opaque type of
Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA is 6 and has been assigned by IANA (see Section
6.1). The Opaque ID of the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA is an arbitrary value
used to uniquely identify Traffic Engineering LSAs. The Link State
ID has no topological significance.
The TLVs within the body of an Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA have the same
format as used in OSPF-TE. The payload of the TLVs consists of one
or more nested Type/Length/Value triplets. New sub-TLVs specifically
for inter-AS TE Link advertisement are described in Section 3.2.
3.1.2. Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA
In this document, a new LS type is defined for OSPFv3 inter-AS TE
link advertisement. The new LS type function code is 13 (see Section
6.1).
The format of an Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA follows the standard definition
of an OSPFv3 LSA as defined in [OSPFV3].
The high-order three bits of the LS type field of the OSPFv3 LSA
header encode generic properties of the LSA and are termed the U-bit,
S2-bit, and S1-bit [OSPFV3]. The remainder of the LS type carries
the LSA function code.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
For the Inter-AS-TE-v3-LSA, the bits are set as follows:
The U-bit is always set to 1 to indicate that an OSPFv3 router MUST
flood the LSA at its defined flooding scope even if it does not
recognize the LS type.
The S2 and S1 bits indicate the flooding scope of an LSA. For the
Inter-AS-TE-v3-LSA, the S2 and S1 bits SHOULD be set to 01 to
indicate that the flooding scope is to be limited to within the
single IGP area to which the ASBR belongs, but MAY be set to 10 if
the information should reach all routers (including area border
routers, ASBRs, and PCEs) in the AS. The choice between the use of
01 or 10 is a network-wide policy choice, and configuration control
SHOULD be provided in ASBR implementations that support the
advertisement of inter-AS TE links.
The Link State ID of the Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA is an arbitrary value
used to uniquely identify Traffic Engineering LSAs. The LSA ID has
no topological significance.
The TLVs within the body of an Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA have the same
format and semantics as those defined in [OSPF-V3-TE]. New sub-TLVs
specifically for inter-AS TE Link advertisement are described in
Section 3.2.
3.2. LSA Payload
Both the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA and Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA contain one top
level TLV:
2 - Link TLV
For the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA, this TLV is defined in [OSPF-TE], and for
the Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA, this TLV is defined in [OSPF-V3-TE]. The
sub-TLVs carried in this TLV are described in the following sections.
3.2.1. Link TLV
The Link TLV describes a single link and consists a set of sub-TLVs.
The sub-TLVs for inclusion in the Link TLV of the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA
and Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA are defined, respectively, in [OSPF-TE] and
[OSPF-V3-TE], and the list of sub-TLVs may be extended by other
documents. However, this document defines the following exceptions.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
The Link ID sub-TLV [OSPF-TE] MUST NOT be used in the Link TLV of an
Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA, and the Neighbor ID sub-TLV [OSPF-V3-TE] MUST NOT
be used in the Link TLV of an Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA. Given that OSPF is
an IGP and should only be utilized between routers in the same
routing domain, the OSPF specific Link ID and Neighbor ID sub-TLVs
are not applicable to inter-AS links.
Instead, the remote ASBR is identified by the inclusion of the
following new sub-TLVs defined in this document and described in the
subsequent sections.
21 - Remote AS Number sub-TLV
22 - IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV
23 - IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV
The Remote-AS-Number sub-TLV MUST be included in the Link TLV of both
the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA and Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA. At least one of the
IPv4-Remote-ASBR-ID sub-TLV and the IPv6-Remote-ASBR-ID sub-TLV
SHOULD be included in the Link TLV of the Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA and
Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA. Note that it is possible to include the
IPv6-Remote-ASBR-ID sub-TLV in the Link TLV of the Inter-AS-TE-v2
LSA, and to include the IPv4-Remote-ASBR-ID sub-TLV in the Link TLV
of the Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA because the sub-TLVs refer to ASBRs that
are in a different addressing scope (that is, a different AS) from
that where the OSPF LSA is used.
3.3. Sub-TLV Details
3.3.1. Remote AS Number Sub-TLV
A new sub-TLV, the Remote AS Number sub-TLV is defined for inclusion
in the Link TLV when advertising inter-AS links. The Remote AS
Number sub-TLV specifies the AS number of the neighboring AS to which
the advertised link connects. The Remote AS Number sub-TLV is
REQUIRED in a Link TLV that advertises an inter-AS TE link.
The Remote AS Number sub-TLV is TLV type 21 (see Section 6.2), and is
four octets in length. The format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote AS Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
The Remote AS Number field has 4 octets. When only two octets are
used for the AS number, as in current deployments, the left (high-
order) two octets MUST be set to zero.
3.3.2. IPv4 Remote ASBR ID Sub-TLV
A new sub-TLV, which is referred to as the IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-
TLV, can be included in the Link TLV when advertising inter-AS links.
The IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV specifies the IPv4 identifier of the
remote ASBR to which the advertised inter-AS link connects. This
could be any stable and routable IPv4 address of the remote ASBR.
Use of the TE Router Address TE Router ID as specified in the Router
Address TLV [OSPF-TE] is RECOMMENDED.
The IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV is TLV type 22 (see Section 6.2), and
is four octets in length. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote ASBR ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
In OSPFv2 advertisements, the IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV MUST be
included if the neighboring ASBR has an IPv4 address. If the
neighboring ASBR does not have an IPv4 address (not even an IPv4 TE
Router ID), the IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV MUST be included instead.
An IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV and IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV MAY
both be present in a Link TLV in OSPFv2 or OSPFv3.
3.3.3. IPv6 Remote ASBR ID Sub-TLV
A new sub-TLV, which is referred to as the IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-
TLV, can be included in the Link TLV when advertising inter-AS links.
The IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV specifies the identifier of the
remote ASBR to which the advertised inter-AS link connects. This
could be any stable, routable, and global IPv6 address of the remote
ASBR. Use of the TE Router IPv6 Address IPv6 TE Router ID as
specified in the IPv6 Router Address, which is specified in the IPv6
Router Address TLV [OSPF-V3-TE], is RECOMMENDED.
The IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV is TLV type 24 (see Section 6.2), and
is sixteen octets in length. Its format is as follows:
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote ASBR ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote ASBR ID (continued) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote ASBR ID (continued) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Remote ASBR ID (continued) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
In OSPFv3 advertisements, the IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV MUST be
included if the neighboring ASBR has an IPv6 address. If the
neighboring ASBR does not have an IPv6 address, the IPv4 Remote ASBR
ID sub-TLV MUST be included instead. An IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV
and IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV MAY both be present in a Link TLV in
OSPFv2 or OSPFv3.
4. Procedure for Inter-AS TE Links
When TE is enabled on an inter-AS link and the link is up, the ASBR
SHOULD advertise this link using the normal procedures for OSPF-TE
[OSPF-TE]. When either the link is down or TE is disabled on the
link, the ASBR SHOULD withdraw the advertisement. When there are
changes to the TE parameters for the link (for example, when the
available bandwidth changes), the ASBR SHOULD re-advertise the link,
but the ASBR MUST take precautions against excessive re-
advertisements as described in [OSPF-TE].
Hellos MUST NOT be exchanged over the inter-AS link, and
consequently, an OSPF adjacency MUST NOT be formed.
The information advertised comes from the ASBR's knowledge of the TE
capabilities of the link, the ASBR's knowledge of the current status
and usage of the link, and configuration at the ASBR of the remote AS
number and remote ASBR TE Router ID.
Legacy routers receiving an advertisement for an inter-AS TE link are
able to ignore it because the Link Type carries an unknown value.
They will continue to flood the LSA, but will not attempt to use the
information received as if the link were an intra-AS TE link.
In the current operation of TE OSPF, the LSRs at each end of a TE
link emit LSAs describing the link. The databases in the LSRs then
have two entries (one locally generated, the other from the peer)
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
that describe the different 'directions' of the link. This enables
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) to do a two-way check on the
link when performing path computation and eliminate it from
consideration unless both directions of the link satisfy the required
constraints.
In the case we are considering here (i.e., of a TE link to another
AS), there is, by definition, no IGP peering and hence no
bidirectional TE link information. In order for the CSPF route
computation entity to include the link as a candidate path, we have
to find a way to get LSAs describing its (bidirectional) TE
properties into the TE database.
This is achieved by the ASBR advertising, internally to its AS,
information about both directions of the TE link to the next AS. The
ASBR will normally generate an LSA describing its own side of a link;
here we have it 'proxy' for the ASBR at the edge of the other AS and
generate an additional LSA that describes that device's 'view' of the
link.
Only some essential TE information for the link needs to be
advertised; i.e., the Link Type, the Remote AS number, and the Remote
ASBR ID. Routers or PCEs that are capable of processing
advertisements of inter-AS TE links SHOULD NOT use such links to
compute paths that exit an AS to a remote ASBR and then immediately
re-enter the AS through another TE link. Such paths would constitute
extremely rare occurrences and SHOULD NOT be allowed except as the
result of specific policy configurations at the router or PCE
computing the path.
4.1. Origin of Proxied TE Information
Section 4 describes how an ASBR advertises TE link information as a
proxy for its neighbor ASBR, but does not describe where this
information comes from.
Although the source of this information is outside the scope of this
document, it is possible that it will be a configuration requirement
at the ASBR, as are other, local, properties of the TE link.
Further, where BGP is used to exchange IP routing information between
the ASBRs, a certain amount of additional local configuration about
the link and the remote ASBR is likely to be available.
We note further that it is possible, and may be operationally
advantageous, to obtain some of the required configuration
information from BGP. Whether and how to utilize these possibilities
is an implementation matter.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
5. Security Considerations
The protocol extensions defined in this document are relatively minor
and can be secured within the AS in which they are used by the
existing OSPF security mechanisms.
There is no exchange of information between ASes, and no change to
the OSPF security relationship between the ASes. In particular,
since no OSPF adjacency is formed on the inter-AS links, there is no
requirement for OSPF security between the ASes.
Some of the information included in these new advertisements (e.g.,
the remote AS number and the remote ASBR ID) is obtained manually
from a neighboring administration as part of commercial relationship.
The source and content of this information should be carefully
checked before it is entered as configuration information at the ASBR
responsible for advertising the inter-AS TE links.
It is worth noting that, in the scenario we are considering, a Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP) peering may exist between the two ASBRs, and
this could be used to detect inconsistencies in configuration (e.g.,
the administration that originally supplied the information may be
lying, or some manual misconfigurations or mistakes are made by the
operators). For example, if a different remote AS number is received
in a BGP OPEN [BGP] from that locally configured into OSPF-TE, as we
describe here, then local policy SHOULD be applied to determine
whether to alert the operator to a potential misconfiguration or to
suppress the OSPF advertisement of the inter-AS TE link. Note,
further, that if BGP is used to exchange TE information as described
in Section 4.1, the inter-AS BGP session SHOULD be secured using
mechanisms as described in [BGP] to provide authentication and
integrity checks.
6. IANA Considerations
IANA has made the following allocations from registries under its
control.
6.1. Inter-AS TE OSPF LSA
6.1.1. Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA
IANA has assigned a new Opaque LSA type (6) to Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA.
6.1.2. Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA
IANA has assigned a new OSPFv3 LSA type function code (13) to Inter-
AS-TE-v3 LSA.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
6.2. OSPF LSA Sub-TLVs Type
IANA maintains the "Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Traffic
Engineering TLVs" registry with sub-registry "Types for sub-TLVs in a
TE Link TLV". IANA has assigned three new sub-TLVs as follows (see
Section 3.3 for details):
Value Meaning
21 Remote AS Number sub-TLV
22 IPv4 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV
24 IPv6 Remote ASBR ID sub-TLV
7. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Adrian Farrel, Acee Lindem, JP
Vasseur, Dean Cheng, and Jean-Louis Le Roux for their review and
comments to this document.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[GMPLS-TE] Kompella, K., Ed., and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "OSPF
Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (GMPLS)", RFC 4203, October 2005.
[OSPF] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April
1998.
[OSPF-TE] Katz, D., Kompella, K., and D. Yeung, "Traffic
Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2", RFC
3630, September 2003.
[OSPF-V3-TE] Ishiguro, K., Manral, V., Davey, A., and A. Lindem,
Ed., "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF
Version 3", RFC 5329, September 2008.
[OSPFV3] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem,
"OSPF for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T.,
Srinivasan, V., and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE:
Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", RFC 3209,
December 2001.
[RFC5250] Berger, L., Bryskin, I., Zinin, A., and R. Coltun,
"The OSPF Opaque LSA Option", RFC 5250, July 2008.
8.2. Informative References
[BGP] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed.,
"A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
January 2006.
[BRPC] Vasseur, JP., Ed., Zhang, R., Bitar, N., and JL. Le
Roux, "A Backward Recursive PCE-Based Computation
(BRPC) Procedure to Compute Shortest Inter-Domain
Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths", Work in
Progress, April 2008.
[INTER-AS-TE-REQ] Zhang, R., Ed., and J.-P. Vasseur, Ed., "MPLS
Inter-Autonomous System (AS) Traffic Engineering
(TE) Requirements", RFC 4216, November 2005.
[L1VPN-OSPF-AD] Bryskin, I. and L. Berger, "OSPF-Based Layer 1 VPN
Auto-Discovery", RFC 5252, July 2008.
[PCE] Farrel, A., Vasseur, J.-P., and J. Ash, "A Path
Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC
4655, August 2006.
[PD-PATH] Vasseur, JP., Ed., Ayyangar, A., Ed., and R. Zhang,
"A Per-Domain Path Computation Method for
Establishing Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering (TE)
Label Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 5152, February
2008.
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]RFC 5392 OSPF Extensions for Inter-AS TE January 2009
Authors' Addresses
Mach(Guoyi) Chen
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
KuiKe Building, No.9 Xinxi Rd.
Hai-Dian District
Beijing, 100085
P.R. China
EMail: mach@huawei.com
Renhai Zhang
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
KuiKe Building, No.9 Xinxi Rd.
Hai-Dian District
Beijing, 100085
P.R. China
EMail: zhangrenhai@huawei.com
Xiaodong Duan
China Mobile
53A,Xibianmennei Ave,Xunwu District
Beijing, China
EMail: duanxiaodong@chinamobile.com
Chen, et al. Standards Track [Page 17]
