Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Turner
Request for Comments: 5754 IECA
Updates: 3370 January 2010
Category: Standards Track
ISSN: 2070-1721
Using SHA2 Algorithms with Cryptographic Message Syntax
Abstract
This document describes the conventions for using the Secure Hash
Algorithm (SHA) message digest algorithms (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384,
SHA-512) with the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS). It also
describes the conventions for using these algorithms with the CMS and
the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA),
and Elliptic Curve DSA (ECDSA) signature algorithms. Further, it
provides SMIMECapabilities attribute values for each algorithm.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5754.
Copyright Notice
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................3
2. Message Digest Algorithms .......................................3
2.1. SHA-224 ....................................................4
2.2. SHA-256 ....................................................5
2.3. SHA-384 ....................................................5
2.4. SHA-512 ....................................................5
3. Signature Algorithms ............................................6
3.1. DSA ........................................................6
3.2. RSA ........................................................7
3.3. ECDSA ......................................................8
4. Security Considerations .........................................9
5. References ......................................................9
5.1. Normative References .......................................9
5.2. Informative References ....................................10
1. Introduction
This document specifies the algorithm identifiers and specifies
parameters for the message digest algorithms SHA-224, SHA-256,
SHA-384, and SHA-512 for use with the Cryptographic Message Syntax
(CMS) [RFC5652]. The message digest algorithms are defined in [SHS]
and reference code is provided in [RFC4634].
This document also specifies the algorithm identifiers and parameters
for use of SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 with DSA [DSS], RSA
(RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5) [RFC3447], and ECDSA [DSS].
This document does not define new identifiers; they are taken from
[RFC3874], [RFC4055], and [RFC5758]. Additionally, the parameters
follow the conventions specified therein. Therefore, there is no
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) module included in this
document.
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Note that [RFC4231] specifies the conventions for the message
authentication code (MAC) algorithms: Hashed MAC (HMAC) with SHA-224,
HMAC with SHA-256, HMAC with SHA-384, and HMAC with SHA-512.
In the CMS, the various algorithm identifiers use the
AlgorithmIdentifier syntax, which is included here for convenience:
AlgorithmIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE {
algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL }
This document also specifies the SMIMECapabilities attribute values
[RFC5751] for each algorithm. The values provided are for the
SMIMECapability field, which is included here for convenience:
SMIMECapability ::= SEQUENCE {
capabilityID OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
parameters ANY DEFINED BY capabilityID OPTIONAL }
1.1. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Message Digest Algorithms
Digest algorithm identifiers are located in the SignedData
digestAlgorithms field, the SignerInfo digestAlgorithm field, the
DigestedData digestAlgorithm field, and the AuthenticatedData
digestAlgorithm field. The object identifiers are taken from
[RFC4055].
Digest values are located in the DigestedData digest field and the
Message Digest authenticated attribute. In addition, digest values
are input to signature algorithms.
The digest algorithm identifiers use the AlgorithmIdentifier syntax
elaborated upon in Section 1.
The algorithm field and SMIMECapabilities attribute are discussed in
Sections 2.1-2.4 for each message digest algorithm. Section 3
provides some signatures that use SHA2 algorithms. Consult the
signature algorithm definitions for the procedures to compute the
digest values (i.e., DigestInfo).
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The AlgorithmIdentifier parameters field is OPTIONAL.
Implementations MUST accept SHA2 AlgorithmIdentifiers with absent
parameters. Implementations MUST accept SHA2 AlgorithmIdentifiers
with NULL parameters. Implementations MUST generate SHA2
AlgorithmIdentifiers with absent parameters.
NOTE: There are two possible encodings for the AlgorithmIdentifier
parameters field associated with these object identifiers. The two
alternatives arise from the loss of the OPTIONAL associated with the
algorithm identifier parameters when the 1988 syntax for
AlgorithmIdentifier was translated into the 1997 syntax. Later, the
OPTIONAL was recovered via a defect report, but by then many people
thought that algorithm parameters were mandatory. Because of this
history, some implementations encode parameters as a NULL element
while others omit them entirely. The correct encoding is to omit the
parameters field; however, when some uses of these algorithms were
defined, it was done using the NULL parameters rather than absent
parameters. For example, PKCS#1 [RFC3447] requires that the padding
used for RSA signatures (EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5) MUST use SHA2
AlgorithmIdentifiers with NULL parameters (to clarify, the
requirement "MUST generate SHA2 AlgorithmIdentifiers with absent
parameters" in the previous paragraph does not apply to this
padding).
2.1. SHA-224
The SHA-224 message digest algorithm is defined in [SHS]. The
algorithm identifier for SHA-224 is:
id-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 4 }
The parameters are as specified in the beginning of Section 2.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for SHA-224
in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID field containing the object
identifier id-sha224 with absent parameters. The DER encoding for
this SMIMECapability is:
id-sha224: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 04
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2.2. SHA-256
The SHA-256 message digest algorithm is defined in [SHS]. The
algorithm identifier for SHA-256 is:
id-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 1 }
The parameters are as specified in the beginning of Section 2.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for SHA-256
in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID field containing the object
identifier id-sha256 with absent parameters. The DER encoding for
this SMIMECapability value is:
id-sha256: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01
2.3. SHA-384
The SHA-384 message digest algorithm is defined in [SHS]. The
algorithm identifier for SHA-384 is:
id-sha384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 2 }
The parameters are as specified in the beginning of Section 2.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for SHA-384
in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID field containing the object
identifier id-sha384 with absent parameters. The DER encoding for
this SMIMECapability value is:
id-sha384: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 02
2.4. SHA-512
The SHA-512 message digest algorithm is defined in [SHS]. The
algorithm identifier for SHA-512 is:
id-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 3 }
The parameters are as specified in the beginning of Section 2.
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The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for SHA-384
in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID field containing the object
identifier id-sha384 with absent parameters. The DER encoding for
this SMIMECapability value is:
id-sha512: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 03
3. Signature Algorithms
This section specifies the conventions employed by CMS
implementations that support DSA, RSA, and ECDSA with SHA2
algorithms.
Signature algorithm identifiers are located in the SignerInfo
signatureAlgorithm field of SignedData. Also, signature algorithm
identifiers are located in the SignerInfo signatureAlgorithm field of
countersignature attributes.
Signature values are located in the SignerInfo signature field of
SignedData. Also, signature values are located in the SignerInfo
signature field of countersignature attributes.
3.1. DSA
[RFC3370], Section 3.1, specifies the conventions for DSA with SHA-1
public key algorithm identifiers, parameters, public keys, and
signature values. DSA with SHA2 algorithms uses the same conventions
for these public key algorithm identifiers, parameters, public keys,
and signature values. DSA MAY be used with SHA-224 and SHA-256. The
object identifiers are taken from [RFC5758].
DSA has not been specified with SHA-384 and SHA-512. SHA-384 and
SHA-512 are not supported because the maximum bit length of p
(specified as L) is 3072 for DSA. For consistent cryptographic
strength, SHA-384 would be used with DSA where L is 7680, and SHA-512
would be used with DSA where L is 15360.
The algorithm identifier for DSA with SHA-224 signature values is:
id-dsa-with-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 1 }
The algorithm identifier for DSA with SHA-256 signature values is:
id-dsa-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101)
csor(3) algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 2 }
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When either of these algorithm identifiers is used, the
AlgorithmIdentifier parameters field MUST be absent.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for one of
the DSA signature algorithms in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID
field containing the object identifier id-dsa-with-sha* (where * is
224 or 256) with absent parameters. The DER encodings for these
SMIMECapability values are:
id-dsa-with-sha224: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 03 01
id-dsa-with-sha256: 30 0b 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 03 02
3.2. RSA
[RFC3370], Section 3.2, specifies the conventions for RSA with SHA-1
(RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5) public key algorithm identifiers, parameters,
public keys, and signature values. RSA with SHA2 algorithms uses the
same conventions for these public key algorithm identifiers,
parameters, public keys, and signature values. RSA
(RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5) [RFC3447] MAY be used with SHA-224, SHA-256,
SHA-384, or SHA-512. The object identifiers are taken from
[RFC4055].
The object identifier for RSA with SHA-224 signature values is:
sha224WithRSAEncryption OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-1(1) 14 }
The object identifier for RSA with SHA-256 signature values is:
sha256WithRSAEncryption OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-1(1) 11 }
The object identifier for RSA with SHA-384 signature values is:
sha384WithRSAEncryption OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-1(1) 12 }
The object identifier for RSA with SHA-512 signature values is:
sha512WithRSAEncryption OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-1(1) 13 }
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When any of these four object identifiers appears within an
AlgorithmIdentifier, the parameters MUST be NULL. Implementations
MUST accept the parameters being absent as well as present.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for one of
the DSA signature algorithms in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID
field containing the object identifier sha*WithRSAEncryption (where *
is 224, 256, 384, or 512) with NULL parameters. The DER encodings
for these SMIMECapability values are:
sha224WithRSAEncryption: 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0e
05 00
sha256WithRSAEncryption: 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b
05 00
sha384WithRSAEncryption: 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 Oc
05 00
sha512WithRSAEncryption: 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0d
05 00
3.3. ECDSA
[RFC5753], Section 2.1, specifies the conventions for ECDSA with
SHA-* (where * is 1, 224, 256, 384, or 512) public key algorithm
identifiers, parameters, public keys, and signature values. The
object identifiers, which are included below for convenience, are
taken from [RFC5758].
The algorithm identifier for ECDSA with SHA-224 signature values is:
ecdsa-with-SHA224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 1 }
The algorithm identifier for ECDSA with SHA-256 signature values is:
ecdsa-with-SHA256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840)ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 2 }
The algorithm identifier for ECDSA with SHA-384 signature values is:
ecdsa-with-SHA384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 3 }
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The algorithm identifier for ECDSA with SHA-512 signature values is:
ecdsa-with-SHA512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 4 }
When any of these four object identifiers appears within an
AlgorithmIdentifier, the parameters field MUST be absent. That is,
the AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one component: the OID
ecdsa-with-SHA224, ecdsa-with-SHA256, ecdsa-with-SHA384, or ecdsa-
with-SHA512.
The SMIMECapabilities attribute value indicates support for one of
the ECDSA signature algorithms in a SEQUENCE with the capabilityID
field containing the object identifier ecdsa-with-SHA1* (where * is
224, 256, 384, or 512) with absent parameters. The DER encodings for
these SMIMECapability values are:
ecdsa-with-SHA224: 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 01
ecdsa-with-SHA256: 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 02
ecdsa-with-SHA384: 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 03
ecdsa-with-SHA512: 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 04
4. Security Considerations
The security considerations in [RFC3370], [RFC3874], [RFC4055],
[RFC5753], and [RFC5758] apply. No new security considerations are
introduced as a result of this specification.
5. References
5.1. Normative References
[DSS] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
FIPS Publication 186-3: Digital Signature Standard, June
2009.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3370] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
Algorithms", RFC 3370, August 2002.
[RFC3447] Jonsson, J. and B. Kaliski, "Public-Key Cryptography
Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications
Version 2.1", RFC 3447, February 2003.
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[RFC3874] Housley, R., "A 224-bit One-way Hash Function: SHA-224",
RFC 3874, September 2004.
[RFC4055] Schaad, J., Kaliski, B., and R. Housley, "Additional
Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use
in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
Profile", RFC 4055, June 2005.
[RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC
5652, September 2009.
[RFC5751] Ramsdell, B. and S. Turner, "Secure/Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.2 Message
Specification", RFC 5751, January 2010.
[RFC5753] Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message
Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5753, January 2010.
[RFC5758] Dang, Q., Santesson, S., Moriarty, K., Brown, D., and T.
Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure:
Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSA",
RFC 5758, January 2010.
[SHS] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
FIPS Publication 180-3: Secure Hash Standard, October
2008.
5.2. Informative References
[RFC4231] Nystrom, M., "Identifiers and Test Vectors for HMAC-
SHA-224, HMAC-SHA-256, HMAC-SHA-384, and HMAC-SHA-512",
RFC 4231, December 2005.
[RFC4634] Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash
Algorithms (SHA and HMAC-SHA)", RFC 4634, July 2006.
Author's Address
Sean Turner
IECA, Inc.
3057 Nutley Street, Suite 106
Fairfax, VA 22031
USA
EMail: turners@ieca.com
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