Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Chowdhury, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6611 Radio Mobile Access, Inc.
Category: Standards Track A. Yegin
ISSN: 2070-1721 Samsung
May 2012
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) Bootstrapping for the Integrated Scenario
Abstract
Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping can be categorized into two primary
scenarios: the split scenario and the integrated scenario. In the
split scenario, the mobile node's mobility service is authorized by a
different service authorizer than the network access authorizer. In
the integrated scenario, the mobile node's mobility service is
authorized by the same service authorizer as the network access
service authorizer. This document defines a method for home agent
information discovery for the integrated scenario.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6611.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 1]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction and Scope ..........................................2
2. Terminology .....................................................3
3. Assumptions and Conformance .....................................4
4. Solution Overview ...............................................5
4.1. Logical View of the Integrated Scenario ....................5
4.2. Bootstrapping Message Sequence .............................6
4.2.1. Home Agent Allocation in the MSP ....................7
4.2.2. Home Agent Allocation in the ASP ....................9
4.3. Bootstrapping Message Sequence: Fallback Case .............10
4.4. HoA and IKEv2 SA Bootstrapping in the Integrated
Scenario ..................................................10
5. Security Considerations ........................................10
6. Acknowledgements ...............................................11
7. Contributors ...................................................11
8. References .....................................................11
8.1. Normative References ......................................11
8.2. Informative References ....................................12
1. Introduction and Scope
The Mobile IPv6 protocol [RFC6275] requires the mobile node to have
the following information:
o the Home Address (HoA),
o the home agent address, and
o the cryptographic materials for establishing an IPsec security
association with the home agent.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 2]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
The cryptographic materials need to be established prior to
initiating the registration process. The mechanism via which the
mobile node obtains this information is called "Mobile IPv6
bootstrapping". In order to allow a flexible deployment model for
Mobile IPv6, it is desirable to define a bootstrapping mechanism for
the mobile node to acquire these parameters dynamically. [RFC4640]
describes the problem statement for Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping. It
also defines the bootstrapping scenarios based on the relationship
between the entity that authenticates and authorizes the mobile node
for network access (i.e., the Access Service Authorizer, ASA) and the
entity that authenticates and authorizes the mobile node for mobility
service (i.e., the Mobility Service Authorizer, MSA). The scenario
in which the Access Service Authorizer is not the Mobility Service
Authorizer is called the "split" scenario. The bootstrapping
solution for the split scenario is defined in [RFC5026]. The
scenario in which the Access Service Authorizer is also the Mobility
Service Authorizer is called the "integrated" scenario. This
document defines a bootstrapping solution for the integrated
scenario.
[RFC5026] identifies four different components of the bootstrapping
problem: home agent address discovery, HoA assignment, IPsec Security
Association [RFC4301] setup, and Authentication and Authorization
with the MSA. This document defines a mechanism for home agent
address discovery. The other components of bootstrapping are as per
[RFC5026].
In the integrated scenario, the bootstrapping of the home agent
information can be achieved via DHCPv6. This document defines the
MIPv6 bootstrapping procedures for the integrated scenario. It
enables home agent assignment in the integrated scenario by utilizing
DHCP and Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
protocols. The specification utilizes DHCP and AAA options and
attribute-value pairs (AVPs) that are defined in [RFC6610] and
[RFC5447]. This document specifies the interworking among Mobile
Node (MN), Network Access Server (NAS), DHCP, and AAA entities for
the bootstrapping procedure in the integrated scenario.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
General mobility terminology can be found in [RFC3753]. The
following additional terms, as defined in [RFC4640], are used in this
document:
Access Service Authorizer (ASA): A network operator that
authenticates a mobile node and establishes the mobile node's
authorization to receive Internet service.
Access Service Provider (ASP): A network operator that provides
direct IP packet forwarding to and from the mobile node.
Mobility Service Authorizer (MSA): A service provider that authorizes
Mobile IPv6 service.
Mobility Service Provider (MSP): A service provider that provides
Mobile IPv6 service. An MSP is called a "home MSP" when MSP == MSA.
In this document, the term MSP means a Mobility Service Provider that
has a roaming relationship with the MSA but it is not the MSA.
Split Scenario: A scenario where the mobility service and the network
access service are authorized by different entities.
Integrated Scenario: A scenario where the mobility service and the
network access service are authorized by the same entity.
3. Assumptions and Conformance
The following assumptions are made in this document:
(a) MSA == ASA.
(b) MSA and MSP have a roaming relationship.
(c) DHCP relay and NAS are either co-located or there is a mechanism
to transfer received AAA information from the NAS to the DHCP
relay.
Note: If assignment of a home agent in the home MSP is not
required by a deployment, co-location of the NAS and the DHCP
relay functions or a mechanism to transfer received AAA
information from the NAS to the DHCP relay won't be
necessary. In such a case, only the implementation of the
options and procedures defined in [RFC6610] should suffice.
(d) The NAS shall support MIPv6-specific AAA attributes as specified
in [RFC5447].
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 4]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
(e) The AAA server in the home domain (AAAH) used for network access
authentication (ASA) has access to the same database as the AAAH
used for the mobility service authentication (MSA).
If home agent assignment is required only in the ASP by the
deployment, a minimal implementation of this specification MAY only
support the delivery of information from the DHCP server to the DHCP
client through [RFC6610]. However, if home agent assignment in the
MSP is required by the deployment, an implementation conforming to
this specification SHALL be able to transfer the information received
from the AAA server to the NAS, and from the NAS to the DHCP relay
function. This can be achieved either by co-locating the NAS and the
DHCP relay functions or via an interface between these functions.
The details of this interface are out of the scope of this
specification.
4. Solution Overview
4.1. Logical View of the Integrated Scenario
In the integrated scenario, the mobile node utilizes the network
access authentication process to bootstrap Mobile IPv6. It is
assumed that the access service authorizer is mobility service aware.
This allows for Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping at the time of access
authentication and authorization. Also, the mechanism defined in
this document requires the NAS to support MIP6-specific AAA
attributes and a co-located DHCP relay agent.
Figure 1 shows the AAA infrastructure with a AAA client (NAS), a AAA
proxy in the visited network (AAAV), and a AAA server in the home
network (AAAH).
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 5]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
|
ASP(/MSP) | ASA/MSA(/MSP)
|
|
+-------+ | +-------+
| | | | |
|AAAV |-----------|--------|AAAH |
| | | | |
+-------+ | +-------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+ +------+ |
+----+ | NAS/| |DHCP | |
| MN |------|DHCP |----|Server| |
+----+ |Relay| | | |
+-----+ +------+ |
|
|
+--------+ | +--------+
| HA | | | HA |
| in ASP | | |in MSP |
+--------+ | +--------+
Figure 1: Integrated Scenario, Network Diagram with DHCP Server
The user's home network authorizes the mobile node for network access
and mobility services. Note that usage of a home agent with the
mobile node might be selected in the access service provider's
network or alternatively in the mobility service provider's network.
The MSP may be co-located with the ASP, or the ASA/MSA, or
independent of the two.
The mobile node interacts with the DHCP server via the relay agent
after the network access authentication as part of the mobile node
configuration procedure.
4.2. Bootstrapping Message Sequence
In this case, the mobile node is able to acquire the home agent
address via a DHCPv6 query. In the integrated scenario, the ASA and
the MSA are the same; it can be safely assumed that the AAAH used for
network access authentication (ASA) has access to the same database
as the AAAH used for the mobility service authentication (MSA).
Hence, the same AAAH can authorize the mobile node for network access
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 6]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
and mobility service at the same time. When the MN performs Mobile
IPv6 registration, the AAAH ensures that the MN is accessing the
assigned home agent for that MSP.
Figure 2 shows the message sequence for home agent allocation in both
scenarios -- HA in the ASP (which is co-located with the MSP), or HA
in an MSP that is separate from ASP and possibly from the ASA/MSA as
well.
|
--------------ASP------>|<--ASA+MSA--
|
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | | | | | |
| MN/| |NAS/ | | DHCP | |AAAH |
|User| |DHCP | | Server| | |
| | |relay | | | | |
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | |
| 1 | 1 | |
|<------------->|<---------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| 2 | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
| | 3 | |
| |------------>| |
| | | |
| | 4 | |
| |<------------| |
| | | |
| 5 | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | | |
Figure 2: Message Sequence for Home Agent Allocation
4.2.1. Home Agent Allocation in the MSP
This section describes a scenario where the home agent is allocated
in the mobile node's MSP network(s) that is (are) not co-located with
the ASP. In order to provide the mobile node with information about
the assigned home agent, the AAAH conveys the assigned home agent's
information to the NAS via a AAA protocol, e.g., [RFC5447].
Figure 2 shows the message sequence for home agent allocation. In
the scenario with HA in the MSP, the following details apply.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 7]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
(1) The mobile node executes the network access authentication
procedure (e.g., IEEE 802.11i/802.1X), and it interacts with the
NAS. The NAS is in the ASP, and it interacts with the AAAH,
which is in the ASA/MSA, to authenticate the mobile node. In
the process of authorizing the mobile node, the AAAH verifies in
the AAA profile that the mobile node is allowed to use the
Mobile IPv6 service. The AAAH assigns a home agent in the home
MSP, and it assigns one or more home agents in other authorized
MSPs and returns this information to the NAS. The NAS may keep
the received information for a configurable duration, or it may
keep the information for as long as the MN is connected to the
NAS.
(2) The mobile node sends a DHCPv6 Information-request message
[RFC3315] to the All_DHCP_Relay_Agents_and_Servers multicast
address. In this message, the mobile node (DHCP client) SHALL
include the following:
* the Option Code for the Visited Home Network Information
option [RFC6610] in the OPTION_ORO.
* Client Home Network ID FQDN option identifying the MSP.
* the OPTION_CLIENTID to identify itself to the DHCP server
(3) The relay agent intercepts the Information Request from the
mobile node and forwards it to the DHCP server. The relay agent
also includes the received home agent information from the AAAH
in the Relay-Supplied Options option [RFC6610]. If a NAS
implementation does not store the received information as long
as the MN's session remains in the ASP, and if the MN delays
sending a DHCP request, the NAS/DHCP relay does not include the
Relay-Supplied Options option in the Relay Forward message.
(4) The DHCP server:
* identifies the client by looking at the DHCP Unique
Identifier (DUID) for the client in the OPTION_CLIENTID.
* determines that the mobile node is requesting home agent
information in the MSP by looking at the Home Network ID FQDN
option.
* determines that the home agent is allocated by the AAAH by
looking at the Relay-Supplied Options option.
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* extracts the allocated home agent information from the Relay-
Supplied Options option and includes it in the Identified
Home Network Information option [RFC6610] in the Reply
Message. If the requested information is not available in
the DHCP server, it follows the behavior described in
[RFC6610].
(5) The relay agent relays the Reply Message from the DHCP server to
the mobile node. At this point, the mobile node has the home
agent information that it requested.
4.2.2. Home Agent Allocation in the ASP
This section describes a scenario where the mobile node requests home
agent allocation in the ASP by setting the id-type field to zero in
the Home Network Identifier Option [RFC6610] in the DHCPv6 request
message. In this scenario, the ASP becomes the MSP for the duration
of the network access authentication session.
Figure 2 shows the message sequence for home agent allocation. In
the scenario with HA in the ASP, the following details apply.
(1) The mobile node executes the network access authentication
procedure (e.g., IEEE 802.11i/802.1X) and interacts with the
NAS. The NAS is in the ASP, and it interacts with the AAAH,
which is in the ASA/MSA, to authenticate the mobile node. In
the process of authorizing the mobile node, the AAAH verifies in
the AAA profile that the mobile node is allowed to use the
Mobile IPv6 services. The AAAH assigns a home agent in the home
MSP, and it assigns one or more home agents in other authorized
MSPs and returns this information to the NAS. Note that the
AAAH is not aware of the fact that the mobile node prefers a
home agent allocation in the ASP. Therefore, the assigned home
agent may not be used by the mobile node. This leaves the
location of the mobility anchor point decision to the mobile
node.
(2) The mobile node sends a DHCPv6 Information Request message
[RFC3315] to the All_DHCP_Relay_Agents_and_Servers multicast
address. In this message, the mobile node (DHCP client) SHALL
include the following:
* the Option Code for the Home Network Identifier Option
[RFC6610] in the OPTION_ORO.
* the OPTION_CLIENTID to identify itself to the DHCP server.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 9]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
(3) The relay agent (which is the NAS) intercepts the Information
Request from the mobile node and forwards it to the DHCP server.
The relay agent also includes the received AAA AVP from the AAAH
in the Relay-Supplied Options option [RFC6610].
(4) The DHCP server identifies the client by looking at the DUID for
the client in the OPTION_CLIENTID. The DHCP server also
determines that the mobile node is requesting home agent
information in the ASP by looking at the Visited Home Network
Information option. If configured to do so, the DHCP server
allocates a home agent from its configured list of home agents
and includes it in the Visited Home Network Information Option
[RFC6610] in the Reply Message. Note that in this case, the
DHCP server does not use the received information in the Relay-
Supplied Options option.
(5) The relay agent relays the Reply Message from the DHCP server to
the mobile node. At this point, the mobile node has the home
agent information that it requested.
4.3. Bootstrapping Message Sequence: Fallback Case
In the fallback case, the mobile node is not able to acquire the home
agent information via DHCPv6. The mobile node MAY perform DNS
queries to discover the home agent address as defined in [RFC5026].
To perform DNS-based home agent discovery, the mobile node needs to
know the DNS server address. The details of how the MN is configured
with the DNS server address are outside the scope of this document.
4.4. HoA and IKEv2 SA Bootstrapping in the Integrated Scenario
In the integrated scenario, the HoA, IPsec Security Association
setup, and Authentication and Authorization with the MSA are
bootstrapped via the same mechanism as described in the bootstrapping
solution for the split scenario [RFC5026].
5. Security Considerations
The transport of the assigned home agent information via the AAA
infrastructure (i.e., from the AAA server to the AAA client) to the
NAS may only be integrity protected as per standard Diameter or other
AAA protocol security mechanisms. No additional security
considerations are imposed by the usage of this document. The
security mechanisms provided by [RFC3588] are applicable for this
purpose. This document does not introduce any new security issues to
Mobile IPv6.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 10]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
6. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Kilian Weniger, Vidya Narayanan, and
George Tsirtsis for their review and comments. Thanks to Alfred
Hoenes for thorough review and valuable suggestions to improve the
readability of the document.
7. Contributors
This contribution is a joint effort of the bootstrapping solution
design team of the MEXT WG. The contributors include Jari Arkko,
Julien Bournelle, Kuntal Chowdhury, Vijay Devarapalli, Gopal Dommety,
Gerardo Giaretta, Junghoon Jee, James Kempf, Alpesh Patel, Basavaraj
Patil, Hannes Tschofenig, and Alper Yegin.
The design team members can be reached at the following email
addresses:
Jari Arkko jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
Julien Bournelle julien.bournelle@orange-ftgroup.com
Kuntal Chowdhury kc@radiomobiles.com
Vijay Devarapalli Vijay.Devarapalli@AzaireNet.com
Gopal Dommety dommety@yahoo.com
Gerardo Giaretta gerardog@qualcomm.com
Junghoon Jee jhjee@etri.re.kr
James Kempf kempf@docomolabs-usa.com
Alpesh Patel alpesh@cisco.com
Basavaraj Patil basavaraj.patil@nsn.com
Hannes Tschofenig hannes.tschofenig@nsn.com
Alper Yegin alper.yegin@yegin.org
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3588] Calhoun, P., Loughney, J., Guttman, E., Zorn, G., and J.
Arkko, "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 3588, September 2003.
Chowdhury & Yegin Standards Track [Page 11]RFC 6611 MIPv6 Bootstrapping Integrated Scenario May 2012
[RFC5026] Giaretta, G., Kempf, J., and V. Devarapalli, "Mobile IPv6
Bootstrapping in Split Scenario", RFC 5026, October 2007.
[RFC5447] Korhonen, J., Bournelle, J., Tschofenig, H., Perkins, C.,
and K. Chowdhury, "Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for
Network Access Server to Diameter Server Interaction",
RFC 5447, February 2009.
[RFC6275] Perkins, C., Johnson, D., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
in IPv6", RFC 6275, July 2011.
[RFC6610] Jang, H., Yegin, A., Chowdhury, K., Choi, J., and T.
Lemon, "DHCP Option for Home Agent Discovery in Mobile
IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 6610, May 2012.
8.2. Informative References
[RFC3753] Manner, J. and M. Kojo, "Mobility Related Terminology",
RFC 3753, June 2004.
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC4640] Patel, A. and G. Giaretta, "Problem Statement for
bootstrapping Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 4640,
September 2006.
Authors' Addresses
Kuntal Chowdhury (editor)
Radio Mobile Access, Inc.
100 Ames Pond Dr.
Tewksbury MA 01876
EMail: kc@radiomobiles.com
Alper Yegin
Samsung
Istanbul
Turkey
EMail: alper.yegin@yegin.org
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