Network Working Group F. Strauss
Request for Comments: 3781 TU Braunschweig
Category: Experimental J. Schoenwaelder
International University Bremen
May 2004
Next Generation Structure of Management Information (SMIng)
Mappings to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Status of this Memo
This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
SMIng (Structure of Management Information, Next Generation)
(RFC3780), is a protocol-independent data definition language for
management information. This memo defines an SMIng language
extension that specifies the mapping of SMIng definitions of
identities, classes, and their attributes and events to dedicated
definitions of nodes, scalar objects, tables and columnar objects,
and notifications, for application to the SNMP management framework.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. SNMP Based Internet Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Kinds of Nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Scalar and Columnar Object Instances. . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. Object Identifier Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. SMIng Data Type Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1. ASN.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. The snmp Extension Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1. The oid Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2. The node Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.1. The node's oid Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.2. The node's represents Statement. . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.3. The node's status Statement. . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.4. The node's description Statement . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.5. The node's reference Statement . . . . . . . . . 11
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4.2.6. Usage Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3. The scalars Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.1. The scalars' oid Statement . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.2. The scalars' object Statement . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.3. The scalars' status Statement . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3.4. The scalars' description Statement . . . . . . . 14
4.3.5. The scalars' reference Statement . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.6. Usage Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4. The table Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4.1. The table's oid Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4.2. Table Indexing Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4.3. The table's create Statement . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.4.4. The table's object Statement . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.4.5. The table's status Statement . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.4.6. The table's description Statement . . . . . . . 19
4.4.7. The table's reference Statement . . . . . . . . 19
4.4.8. Usage Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5. The notification Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.1. The notification's oid Statement . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.2. The notification's signals Statement . . . . . . 20
4.5.3. The notification's status Statement . . . . . . 20
4.5.4. The notification's description Statement . . . . 21
4.5.5. The notification's reference Statement . . . . . 21
4.5.6. Usage Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.6. The group Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.6.1. The group's oid Statement . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6.2. The group's members Statement . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6.3. The group's status Statement . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6.4. The group's description Statement . . . . . . . 22
4.6.5. The group's reference Statement . . . . . . . . 22
4.6.6. Usage Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.7. The compliance Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.7.1. The compliance's oid Statement . . . . . . . . . 23
4.7.2. The compliance's status Statement . . . . . . . 23
4.7.3. The compliance's description Statement . . . . . 23
4.7.4. The compliance's reference Statement . . . . . . 23
4.7.5. The compliance's mandatory Statement . . . . . . 24
4.7.6. The compliance's optional Statement. . . . . . . 24
4.7.7. The compliance's refine Statement . . . . . . . 24
4.7.8. Usage Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5. NMRG-SMING-SNMP-EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. NMRG-SMING-SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
9.1. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
9.2. Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1. Introduction
SMIng (Structure of Management Information, Next Generation)
[RFC3780] is a protocol-independent data definition language for
management information. This memo defines an SMIng language
extension that specifies the mapping of SMIng definitions of
identities, classes, and their attributes and events to dedicated
definitions of nodes, scalar objects, tables and columnar objects,
and notifications for application in the SNMP management framework.
Section 2 introduces basics of the SNMP management framework.
Section 3 defines how SMIng data types are mapped to the data types
supported by the SNMP protocol. It introduces some new ASN.1 [ASN1]
definitions which are used to represent new SMIng base types such as
floats in the SNMP protocol.
Section 4 describes the semantics of the SNMP mapping extensions for
SMIng. The formal SMIng specification of the extension is provided
in Section 5.
Section 6 contains an SMIng module which defines derived types (such
as RowStatus) that are specific to the SNMP mapping.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. SNMP-Based Internet Management
The SNMP network management framework [RFC3410] is based on the
concept of "managed objects". Managed objects represent real or
synthesized variables of systems that are to be managed. Note that
in spite of these terms this model is not object-oriented. For
naming purposes, the managed objects are organized hierarchically in
an "object identifier tree", where only leaf nodes may represent
objects.
Nodes in the object identifier tree may also identify conceptual
tables, rows of conceptual tables, notifications, groups of objects
and/or notifications, compliance statements, modules or other
information. Each node is identified by an unique "object
identifier" value which is a sequence of non-negative numbers, named
"sub-identifiers", where the left-most sub-identifier refers to the
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node next to the root of the tree and the right-most sub-identifier
refers to the node that is identified by the complete object
identifier value. Each sub-identifier has a value between 0 and
2^32-1 (4294967295).
The SMIng extensions described in this document are used to map SMIng
data definitions to SNMP compliant managed objects. This mapping is
designed to be readable to computer programs, named MIB compilers, as
well as to human readers.
2.1. Kinds of Nodes
Each node in the object identifier tree is of a certain kind and may
represent management information or not:
o Simple nodes, that do not represent management information, but
may be used for grouping nodes in a subtree. Those nodes are
defined by the `node' statement. This statement can also be used
to map an SMIng `identity' to a node.
o Nodes representing the identity of a module to allow references to
a module in other objects of type `ObjectIdentifier'. Those nodes
are defined by the `snmp' statement,
o Scalar objects, which have exactly one object instance and no
child nodes. See Section 2.2 for scalar objects' instances. A
set of scalar objects is mapped from one or more SMIng classes
using the `scalars' statement. The statement block of the
`scalars' statement contains one `implements' statement for each
class. The associated statement blocks in turn contain `object'
statements that specify the mapping of attributes to scalar
objects. Scalar objects MUST not have any child node.
o Tables, which represent the root node of a collection of
information structured in table rows. Table nodes are defined by
the `table' statement. A table object identifier SHOULD not have
any other child node than the implicitly defined row node (see
below).
o Rows, which belong to a table (that is, row's object identifier
consists of the table's full object identifier plus a single `1'
sub-identifier) and represent a sequence of one or more columnar
objects. A row node is implicitly defined for each table node.
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o Columnar objects, which belong to a row (that is, the columnar
objects' object identifier consists of the row's full object
identifier plus a single column-identifying sub-identifier) and
have zero or more object instances and no child nodes. They are
defined as follows: The classes that are implemented by a `table'
statement are identified by `implements' statements. The
statement block of each `implements' statement contains `object'
statements that specify the mapping of attributes to columnar
objects of this table. Columnar objects MUST not have any child
node.
o Notifications, which represent information that is sent by agents
within unsolicited transmissions. The `notification' statement is
used to map an SMIng event to a notification. A notification's
object identifier SHOULD not have any child node.
o Groups of objects and notifications, which may be used for
compliance statements. They are defined using the `group'
statement.
o Compliance statements which define requirements for MIB module
implementations. They are defined using the `compliance'
statement.
2.2. Scalar and Columnar Object Instances
Instances of managed objects are identified by appending an
instance-identifier to the object's object identifier. Scalar
objects and columnar objects use different ways to construct the
instance-identifier.
Scalar objects have exactly one object instance. It is identified by
appending a single `0' sub-identifier to the object identifier of the
scalar object.
Within tables, different instances of the same columnar object are
identified by appending a sequence of one or more sub-identifiers to
the object identifier of the columnar object which consists of the
values of object instances that unambiguously distinguish a table
row. These indexing objects can be columnar objects of the same
and/or another table, but MUST NOT be scalar objects. Multiple
applications of the same object in a single table indexing
specification are strongly discouraged.
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The base types of the indexing objects indicate how to form the
instance-identifier:
o integer-valued or enumeration-valued: a single sub-identifier
taking the integer value (this works only for non-negative
integers and integers of a size of up to 32 bits),
o string-valued, fixed-length strings (or variable-length with
compact encoding): `n' sub-identifiers, where `n' is the length of
the string (each octet of the string is encoded in a separate
sub-identifier),
o string-valued, variable-length strings or bits-valued: `n+1' sub-
identifiers, where `n' is the length of the string or bits
encoding (the first sub-identifier is `n' itself, following this,
each octet of the string or bits is encoded in a separate sub-
identifier),
o object identifier-valued (with compact encoding): `n' sub-
identifiers, where `n' is the number of sub-identifiers in the
value (each sub-identifier of the value is copied into a separate
sub-identifier),
o object identifier-valued: `n+1' sub-identifiers, where `n' is the
number of sub-identifiers in the value (the first sub-identifier
is `n' itself, following this, each sub-identifier in the value is
copied),
Note that compact encoding can only be applied to an object having a
variable-length syntax (e.g., variable-length strings, bits objects
or object identifier-valued objects). Further, compact encoding can
only be associated with the last object in a list of indexing
objects. Finally, compact encoding MUST NOT be used on a variable-
length string object if that string might have a value of zero-
length.
Instances identified by use of integer-valued or enumeration-valued
objects are RECOMMENDED to be numbered starting from one (i.e., not
from zero). Integer objects that allow negative values, Unsigned64
objects, Integer64 objects and floating point objects MUST NOT be
used for table indexing.
Objects which are both specified for indexing in a row and also
columnar objects of the same row are termed auxiliary objects.
Auxiliary objects SHOULD be non-accessible, except in the following
circumstances:
o within a module originally written to conform to SMIv1, or
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o a row must contain at least one columnar object which is not an
auxiliary object. In the event that all of a row's columnar
objects are also specified to be indexing objects then one of them
MUST be accessible.
2.3. Object Identifier Hierarchy
The layers of the object identifier tree near the root are well
defined and organized by standardization bodies. The first level
next to the root has three nodes:
0: ccitt
1: iso
2: joint-iso-ccitt
Note that the renaming of the Commite Consultatif International de
Telegraphique et Telephonique (CCITT) to International
Telecommunications Union (ITU) had no consequence on the names used
in the object identifier tree.
The root of the subtree administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) for the Internet is `1.3.6.1' which is assigned with
the identifier `internet'. That is, the Internet subtree of object
identifiers starts with the prefix `1.3.6.1.'.
Several branches underneath this subtree are used for network
management:
The `mgmt' (internet.2) subtree is used to identify "standard"
definitions. An information module produced by an IETF working group
becomes a "standard" information module when the document is first
approved by the IESG and enters the Internet standards track.
The `experimental' (internet.3) subtree is used to identify
experimental definitions being designed by working groups of the IETF
or IRTF. If an information module produced by a working group
becomes a "standard" module, then at the very beginning of its entry
onto the Internet standards track, the definitions are moved under
the mgmt subtree.
The `private' (internet.4) subtree is used to identify definitions
defined unilaterally. The `enterprises' (private.1) subtree beneath
private is used, among other things, to permit providers of
networking subsystems to register information modules of their
products.
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These and some other nodes are defined in the SMIng module NMRG-
SMING-SNMP-EXT (Section 5).
3. SMIng Data Type Mappings
SMIng [RFC3780] supports the following set of base types:
OctetString, Pointer, Integer32, Integer64, Unsigned32, Unsigned64,
Float32, Float64, Float128, Enumeration, Bits, and ObjectIdentifier.
The SMIng core module NMRG-SMING ([RFC3780], Appendix A) defines
additional derived types, among them Counter32 (derived from
Unsigned32), Counter64 (derived from Unsigned64), TimeTicks32 and
TimeTicks64 (derived from Unsigned32 and Unsigned64), IpAddress
(derived from OctetString), and Opaque (derived from OctetString).
The version 2 of the protocol operations for SNMP document [RFC3416]
defines the following 9 data types which are distinguished by the
protocol: INTEGER, OCTET STRING, OBJECT IDENTIFIER, IpAddress,
Counter32, TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter64, and Unsigned32.
The SMIng base types and their derived types are mapped to SNMP data
types according to the following table:
SMIng Data Type SNMP Data Type Comment
--------------- ------------------- -------
OctetString OCTET STRING (1)
Pointer OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Integer32 INTEGER
Integer64 Opaque (Integer64) (2)
Unsigned32 Unsigned32 (3)
Unsigned64 Opaque (Unsigned64) (2) (4)
Float32 Opaque (Float32) (2)
Float64 Opaque (Float64) (2)
Float128 Opaque (Float128) (2)
Enumeration INTEGER
Bits OCTET STRING
ObjectIdentifier OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Counter32 Counter32
Counter64 Counter64
TimeTicks32 TimeTicks
TimeTicks64 Opaque (Unsigned64) (2)
IpAddress IpAddress
Opaque Opaque
(1) This mapping includes all types derived from the OctetString
type except those types derived from the IpAddress and Opaque
SMIng types defined in the module NMRG-SMING.
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(2) This type is encoded according to the ASN.1 type with the same
name defined in Section 3.1. The resulting BER encoded value
is then wrapped in an Opaque value.
(3) This mapping includes all types derived from the Unsigned32
type except those types derived from the Counter32 and
TimeTicks32 SMIng types defined in the module NMRG-SMING.
(4) This mapping includes all types derived from the Unsigned64
type except those types derived from the Counter64 SMIng type
defined in the module NMRG-SMING.
3.1. ASN.1 Definitions
The ASN.1 [ASN1] type definitions below introduce data types which
are used to map the new SMIng base types into the set of ASN.1 types
supported by the second version of SNMP protocol operations
[RFC3416].
NMRG-SMING-SNMP-MAPPING DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
Integer64 ::=
[APPLICATION 10]
IMPLICIT INTEGER (-9223372036854775808..9223372036854775807)
Unsigned64
[APPLICATION 11]
IMPLICIT INTEGER (0..18446744073709551615)
Float32
[APPLICATION 12]
IMPLICIT OCTET STRING (SIZE (4))
Float64
[APPLICATION 13]
IMPLICIT OCTET STRING (SIZE (8))
Float128
[APPLICATION 14]
IMPLICIT OCTET STRING (SIZE (16))
END
The definitions of Integer64 and Unsigned64 are consistent with the
same definitions in the SPPI [RFC3159]. The floating point types
Float32, Float64 and Float128 support single, double and quadruple
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IEEE floating point values. The encoding of the values follows the
"IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic" as defined in
ANSI/IEEE Standard 754-1985 [IEEE754].
4. The snmp Extension Statement
The `snmp' statement is the main statement of the SNMP mapping
specification. It gets one or two arguments: an optional lower-case
identifier that specifies a node that represents the module's
identity, and a mandatory statement block that contains all details
of the SNMP mapping. All information of an SNMP mapping are mapped
to an SNMP conformant module of the same name as the containing SMIng
module. A single SMIng module must not contain more than one `snmp'
statement.
4.1. The oid Statement
The snmp's `oid' statement, which must be present, if the snmp
statement contains a module identifier and must be absent otherwise,
gets one argument which specifies the object identifier value that is
assigned to this module's identity node.
4.2. The node Statement
The `node' statement is used to name and describe a node in the
object identifier tree, without associating any class or attribute
information with this node. This may be useful to group definitions
in a subtree of related management information, or to uniquely define
an SMIng `identity' to be referenced in attributes of type Pointer.
The `node' statement gets two arguments: a lower-case node identifier
and a statement block that holds detailed node information in an
obligatory order.
See the `nodeStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `node' statement.
4.2.1. The node's oid Statement
The node's `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one argument
which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned to this
node.
4.2.2. The node's represents Statement
The node's `represents' statement, which need not be present, makes
this node represent an SMIng identity, so that objects of type
Pointer can reference that identity. The statement gets one argument
which specifies the identity name.
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4.2.3 The node's status Statement
The node's `status' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this node definition is
current or historic. The value `current' means that the definition
is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the definition is
obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be removed if
previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also indicates
an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued implementation in
order to foster interoperability with older/existing implementations.
4.2.4. The node's description Statement
The node's `description' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a high-level textual
description of this node.
It is RECOMMENDED to include all semantics and purposes of this node.
4.2.5. The node's reference Statement
The node's `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to some
other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this node.
4.2.6. Usage Examples
node iso { oid 1; status current; };
node org { oid iso.3; status current; };
node dod { oid org.6; status current; };
node internet { oid dod.1; status current; };
node zeroDotZero {
oid 0.0;
represents NMRG-SMING::null;
status current;
description "A null value used for pointers.";
};
4.3. The scalars Statement
The `scalars' statement is used to define the mapping of one or more
classes to a group of SNMP scalar managed objects organized under a
common parent node. The `scalars' statement gets two arguments: a
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lower-case scalar group identifier and a statement block that holds
detailed mapping information of this scalar group in an obligatory
order.
See the `scalarsStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `scalars' statement.
4.3.1. The scalars' oid Statement
The scalars' `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned
to the common parent node of this scalar group.
4.3.2. The scalars' object Statement
The scalars' `object' statement, which must be present at least once,
makes this scalar group contain a given scalar object. It gets two
arguments: the name of the scalar object to be defined and a
statement block that holds additional detailed information in an
obligatory order.
4.3.2.1. The object's implements Statement
The `implements' statement, which must be present, is used to specify
a single leaf attribute of a class that is implemented by this scalar
object. The type of this attribute must be a simple type, i.e., not
a class.
4.3.2.2. The object's subid Statement
The `subid' statement, which need not be present, is used to specify
the sub-identifier that identifies the scalar object within this
scalar group, i.e., the object identifier of the scalar object is the
concatenation of the values of this scalar group's oid statement and
of this subid statement.
If this statement is omitted, the sub-identifier is the one of the
previous object statement within this scalar group plus 1. If the
containing object statement is the first one within the containing
scalar group and the subid statement is omitted, the sub-identifier
is 1.
4.3.2.3. The object's status Statement
The object's `status' statement, which need not be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this scalar object
definition is current or historic. The value `current' means that
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the definition is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the
definition is obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be
removed if previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also
indicates an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued
implementation in order to foster interoperability with
older/existing implementations.
Scalar objects SHOULD NOT be defined as `current' if the implemented
attribute definition is `deprecated' or `obsolete'. Similarly, they
SHOULD NOT be defined as `deprecated' if the implemented attribute is
`obsolete'. Nevertheless, subsequent revisions of used class
definitions cannot be avoided, but SHOULD be taken into account in
subsequent revisions of the local module.
Note that it is RECOMMENDED to omit the status statement which means
that the status is inherited from the containing scalars statement.
However, if the status of a scalar object varies from the containing
scalar group, it has to be expressed explicitly, e.g., if the
implemented attribute has been deprecated or obsoleted.
4.3.2.4. The object's description Statement
The object's `description' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a high-level textual
description of this scalar object.
Note that in contrast to other definitions this description statement
is not mandatory and it is RECOMMENDED to omit it, if the object is
fully described by the description of the implemented attribute.
4.3.2.5. The object's reference Statement
The object's `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to
some other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this scalar object.
It is RECOMMENDED to omit this statement, if the object's references
are fully described by the implemented attribute.
4.3.3. The scalars' status Statement
The scalars' `status' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this scalar group
definition is current or historic. The value `current' means that
the definition is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the
definition is obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be
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removed if previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also
indicates an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued
implementation in order to foster interoperability with
older/existing implementations.
4.3.4. The scalars' description Statement
The scalars' `description' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify a high-level textual description of
this scalar group.
It is RECOMMENDED to include all semantic definitions necessary for
the implementation of this scalar group.
4.3.5. The scalars' reference Statement
The scalars' `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to
some other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this scalars statement.
4.3.6. Usage Example
scalars ip {
oid mib-2.4;
object ipForwarding { implements Ip.forwarding; };
object ipDefaultTTL { implements Ip.defaultTTL; };
// ...
status current;
description
"This scalar group implements the Ip class.";
};
4.4. The table Statement
The `table' statement is used to define the mapping of one or more
classes to a single SNMP table of columnar managed objects. The
`table' statement gets two arguments: a lower-case table identifier
and a statement block that holds detailed mapping information of this
table in an obligatory order.
See the `tableStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `table' statement.
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4.4.1. The table's oid Statement
The table's `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one argument
which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned to this
table's node.
4.4.2. Table Indexing Statements
SNMP table mappings offers five methods to supply table indexing
information: ordinary tables, table augmentations, sparse table
augmentations, table expansions, and reordered tables use different
statements to denote their indexing information. Each table
definition must contain exactly one of the following indexing
statements.
4.4.2.1. The table's index Statement for Table Indexing
The table's `index' statement, which is used to supply table indexing
information of base tables, gets one argument that specifies a
comma-separated list of objects, that are used for table indexing,
enclosed in parenthesis.
The elements of the `unique' statement of the implemented class(es)
and their order should be regarded as a hint for the index elements
of the table.
In case of modules that should be compatible on the SNMP protocol
level to SMIv2 versions of the module, an optional `implied' keyword
may be added in front of the list to indicate a compact encoding of
the last object in the list. See Section 2.2 for details.
4.4.2.2. The table's augments Statement for Table Indexing
The table's `augments' statement, which is used to supply table
indexing information of tables that augment a base table, gets one
argument that specifies the identifier of the table to be augmented.
Note that a table augmentation cannot itself be augmented. Anyhow, a
base table may be augmented by multiple table augmentations.
A table augmentation makes instances of subordinate columnar objects
identified according to the index specification of the base table
corresponding to the table named in the `augments' statement.
Further, instances of subordinate columnar objects of a table
augmentation exist according to the same semantics as instances of
subordinate columnar objects of the base table being augmented. As
such, note that creation of a base table row implies the
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correspondent creation of any table row augmentations. Table
augmentations MUST NOT be used in table row creation and deletion
operations.
4.4.2.3. The table's extends Statement for Table Indexing
The table's `extends' statement, which is used to supply table
indexing information of tables that sparsely augment a base table,
gets one argument that specifies the identifier of the table to be
sparsely augmented. Note that a sparse table augmentation cannot
itself be augmented. Anyhow, a base table may be augmented by
multiple table augmentations, sparsely or not.
A sparse table augmentation makes instances of subordinate columnar
objects identified, if present, according to the index specification
of the base table corresponding to the table named in the `extends'
statement. Further, instances of subordinate columnar objects of a
sparse table augmentation exist according to the semantics as
instances of subordinate columnar objects of the base table and the
(non-formal) rules that confine the sparse relationship. As such,
note that creation of a sparse table row augmentation may be implied
by the creation of a base table row as well as done by an explicit
creation. However, if a base table row gets deleted, any dependent
sparse table row augmentations get also deleted implicitly.
4.4.2.4. The table's reorders Statement for Table Indexing
The table's `reorders' statement is used to supply table indexing
information of tables, that contain exactly the same index objects of
a base table but in a different order. It gets at least two
arguments. The first one specifies the identifier of the base table.
The second one specifies a comma-separated list of exactly those
object identifiers of the base table's `index' statement, but in the
order to be used in this table. Note that a reordered table cannot
itself be reordered. Anyhow, a base table may be used for multiple
reordered tables.
Under some circumstances, an optional `implied' keyword may be added
in front of the list to indicate a compact encoding of the last
object in the list. See Section 2.2 for details.
Instances of subordinate columnar objects of a reordered table exist
according to the same semantics as instances of subordinate columnar
objects of the base table. As such, note that creation of a base
table row implies the correspondent creation of any related reordered
table row. Reordered tables MUST NOT be used in table row creation
and deletion operations.
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4.4.2.5. The table's expands Statement for Table Indexing
The table's `expands' statement is used to supply table indexing
information of table expansions. Table expansions use exactly the
same index objects of another table together with additional indexing
objects. Thus, the `expands' statement gets at least two arguments.
The first one specifies the identifier of the base table. The second
one specifies a comma-separated list of the additional object
identifiers used for indexing. Note that an expanded table may
itself be expanded, and base tables may be used for multiple table
expansions.
Under some circumstances, an optional `implied' keyword may be added
in front of the list to indicate a compact encoding of the last
object in the list. See Section 2.2 for details.
4.4.3. The table's create Statement
The table's `create' statement, which need not be present, gets no
argument. If the `create' statement is present, table row creation
(and deletion) is possible.
4.4.4. The table's object Statement
The table's `object' statement, which must be present at least once,
makes this table contain a given columnar object. It gets two
arguments: the name of the columnar object to be defined and a
statement block that holds additional detailed information in an
obligatory order.
4.4.4.1. The object's implements Statement
The `implements' statement, which must be present, is used to specify
a single leaf attribute of a class that is implemented by this
columnar object. The type of this attribute must be a simple type,
i.e., not a class.
4.4.4.2. The object's subid Statement
The `subid' statement, which need not be present, is used to specify
the sub-identifier that identifies the columnar object within this
table, i.e., the object identifier of the columnar object is the
concatenation of the values of this table's oid statement and of this
subid statement.
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If this statement is omitted, the sub-identifier is the one of the
previous object statement within this table plus 1. If the
containing object statement is the first one within the containing
table and the subid statement is omitted, the sub-identifier is 1.
4.4.4.3. The object's status Statement
The object's `status' statement, which need not be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this columnar object
definition is current or historic. The value `current' means that
the definition is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the
definition is obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be
removed if previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also
indicates an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued
implementation in order to foster interoperability with
older/existing implementations.
Columnar objects SHOULD NOT be defined as `current' if the
implemented attribute definition is `deprecated' or `obsolete'.
Similarly, they SHOULD NOT be defined as `deprecated' if the
implemented attribute is `obsolete'. Nevertheless, subsequent
revisions of used class definitions cannot be avoided, but SHOULD be
taken into account in subsequent revisions of the local module.
Note that it is RECOMMENDED to omit the status statement which means
that the status is inherited from the containing table statement.
However, if the status of a columnar object varies from the
containing table, it has to be expressed explicitly, e.g., if the
implemented attribute has been deprecated or obsoleted.
4.4.4.4. The object's description Statement
The object's `description' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a high-level textual
description of this columnar object.
Note that in contrast to other definitions this description statement
is not mandatory and it is RECOMMENDED to omit it, if the object is
fully described by the description of the implemented attribute.
4.4.4.5. The object's reference Statement
The object's `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to
some other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this columnar object.
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It is RECOMMENDED to omit this statement, if the object's references
are fully described by the implemented attribute.
4.4.5. The table's status Statement
The table's `status' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this table definition is
current or historic. The value `current' means that the definition
is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the definition is
obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be removed if
previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also indicates
an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued implementation in
order to foster interoperability with older/existing implementations.
4.4.6. The table's description Statement
The table's `description' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify a high-level textual description of
this table.
It is RECOMMENDED to include all semantic definitions necessary for
the implementation of this table.
4.4.7. The table's reference Statement
The table's `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to
some other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this table statement.
4.4.8. Usage Example
table ifTable {
oid interfaces.2;
index (ifIndex);
object ifIndex { implements Interface.index; };
object ifDescr { implements Interface.description; };
// ...
status current;
description
"This table implements the Interface class.";
};
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4.5. The notification Statement
The `notification' statement is used to map events defined within
classes to SNMP notifications. The `notification' statement gets two
arguments: a lower-case notification identifier and a statement block
that holds detailed notification information in an obligatory order.
See the `notificationStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for
the formal syntax of the `notification' statement.
4.5.1. The notification's oid Statement
The notification's `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned
to this notification.
4.5.2. The notification's signals Statement
The notification's `signals' statement, which must be present,
denotes the event that is signaled by this notification. The
statement gets two arguments: the event to be signaled (in the
qualified form `Class.event') and a statement block that holds
detailed information on the objects transmitted with this
notification in an obligatory order.
4.5.2.1. The signals' object Statement
The signals' `object' statement, which can be present zero, one or
multiple times, makes a single instance of a class attribute be
contained in this notification. It gets one argument: the specific
class attribute. The namespace of attributes not specified by
qualified names is the namespace of the event's class specified in
the `signals' statement.
4.5.3. The notification's status Statement
The notification's `status' statement, which must be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify whether this notification
definition is current or historic. The value `current' means that
the definition is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the
definition is obsolete and should not be implemented and/or can be
removed if previously implemented. While the value `deprecated' also
indicates an obsolete definition, it permits new/continued
implementation in order to foster interoperability with
older/existing implementations.
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4.5.4. The notification's description Statement
The notification's `description' statement, which need not be
present, gets one argument which is used to specify a high-level
textual description of this notification.
It is RECOMMENDED to include all semantics and purposes of this
notification.
4.5.5. The notification's reference Statement
The notification's `reference' statement, which need not be present,
gets one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference
to some other document, either another module which defines related
definitions, or some other document which provides additional
information relevant to this notification statement.
4.5.6. Usage Example
notification linkDown {
oid snmpTraps.3;
signals Interface.linkDown {
object ifIndex;
object ifAdminStatus;
object ifOperStatus;
};
status current;
description
"This notification signals the linkDown event
of the Interface class.";
};
4.6. The group Statement
The `group' statement is used to define a group of arbitrary nodes in
the object identifier tree. It gets two arguments: a lower-case
group identifier and a statement block that holds detailed group
information in an obligatory order.
Note that the primary application of groups are compliance
statements, although they might be referred in other formal or
informal documents.
See the `groupStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `group' statement.
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4.6.1. The group's oid Statement
The group's `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one argument
which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned to this
group.
4.6.2. The group's members Statement
The group's `members' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which specifies the list of nodes by their identifiers to be
contained in this group. The list of nodes has to be comma-separated
and enclosed in parenthesis.
4.6.3. The group's status Statement
The group's `status' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this group definition is
current or historic. The value `current' means that the definition
is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the definition is
obsolete and the group should no longer be used. While the value
`deprecated' also indicates an obsolete definition, it permits
new/continued use of this group.
4.6.4. The group's description Statement
The group's `description' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify a high-level textual description of
this group. It is RECOMMENDED to include any relation to other
groups.
4.6.5. The group's reference Statement
The group's `reference' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference to
some other document, either another module which defines related
groups, or some other document which provides additional information
relevant to this group.
4.6.6. Usage Example
The snmpGroup, originally defined in [RFC3418], may be described as
follows:
group snmpGroup {
oid snmpMIBGroups.8;
objects (snmpInPkts, snmpInBadVersions,
snmpInASNParseErrs,
snmpSilentDrops, snmpProxyDrops,
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snmpEnableAuthenTraps);
status current;
description
"A collection of objects providing basic
instrumentation and control of an agent.";
};
4.7. The compliance Statement
The `compliance' statement is used to define a set of conformance
requirements, named a `compliance statement'. It gets two arguments:
a lower-case compliance identifier and a statement block that holds
detailed compliance information in an obligatory order.
See the `complianceStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `compliance' statement.
4.7.1. The compliance's oid Statement
The compliance's `oid' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which specifies the object identifier value that is assigned
to this compliance statement.
4.7.2. The compliance's status Statement
The compliance's `status' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify whether this compliance statement
is current or historic. The value `current' means that the
definition is current and valid. The value `obsolete' means the
definition is obsolete and no longer specifies a valid definition of
conformance. While the value `deprecated' also indicates an obsolete
definition, it permits new/continued use of the compliance
specification.
4.7.3. The compliance's description Statement
The compliance's `description' statement, which must be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a high-level textual
description of this compliance statement.
4.7.4. The compliance's reference Statement
The compliance's `reference' statement, which need not be present,
gets one argument which is used to specify a textual cross-reference
to some other document, either another module which defines related
compliance statements, or some other document which provides
additional information relevant to this compliance statement.
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4.7.5. The compliance's mandatory Statement
The compliance's `mandatory' statement, which need not be present,
gets one argument which is used to specify a comma-separated list of
one or more groups (Section 4.6) of objects and/or notifications
enclosed in parenthesis. These groups are unconditionally mandatory
for implementation.
If an agent claims compliance to a MIB module then it must implement
each and every object and notification within each group listed in
the `mandatory' statement(s) of the compliance statement(s) of that
module.
4.7.6. The compliance's optional Statement
The compliance's `optional' statement, which need not be present, is
repeatedly used to name each group which is conditionally mandatory
for compliance to the compliance statement. It can also be used to
name unconditionally optional groups. A group named in an `optional'
statement MUST be absent from the correspondent `mandatory'
statement. The `optional' statement gets two arguments: a lower-case
group identifier and a statement block that holds detailed compliance
information on that group.
Conditionally mandatory groups include those groups which are
mandatory only if a particular protocol is implemented, or only if
another group is implemented. The `description' statement specifies
the conditions under which the group is conditionally mandatory.
A group which is named in neither a `mandatory' statement nor an
`optional' statement, is unconditionally optional for compliance to
the module.
See the `optionalStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `optional' statement.
4.7.6.1. The optional's description Statement
The optional's `description' statement, which must be present, gets
one argument which is used to specify a high-level textual
description of the conditions under which this group is conditionally
mandatory or unconditionally optional.
4.7.7. The compliance's refine Statement
The compliance's `refine' statement, which need not be present, is
repeatedly used to specify each object for which compliance has a
refined requirement with respect to the module definition. The
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object must be present in one of the conformance groups named in the
correspondent `mandatory' or `optional' statements. The `refine'
statement gets two arguments: a lower-case identifier of a scalar or
columnar object and a statement block that holds detailed refinement
information on that object.
See the `refineStatement' rule of the grammar (Section 5) for the
formal syntax of the `refine' statement.
4.7.7.1. The refine's type Statement
The refine's `type' statement, which need not be present, gets one
argument that is used to provide a refined type for the correspondent
object. Type restrictions may be applied by appending subtyping
information according to the rules of the base type. See [RFC3780]
for SMIng base types and their type restrictions. In case of
enumeration or bitset types the order of named numbers is not
significant.
Note that if a `type' and a `writetype' statement are both present
then this type only applies when instances of the correspondent
object are read.
4.7.7.2. The refine's writetype Statement
The refine's `writetype' statement, which need not be present, gets
one argument that is used to provide a refined type for the
correspondent object, only when instances of that object are written.
Type restrictions may be applied by appending subtyping information
according to the rules of the base type. See [RFC3780] for SMIng
base types and their type restrictions. In case of enumeration or
bitset types the order of named numbers is not significant.
4.7.7.3. The refine's access Statement
The refine's `access' statement, which need not be present, gets one
argument that is used to specify the minimal level of access that the
correspondent object must implement in the sense of its original
`access' statement. Hence, the refine's `access' statement MUST NOT
specify a greater level of access than is specified in the
correspondent object definition.
An implementation is compliant if the level of access it provides is
greater or equal to the minimal level in the refine's `access'
statement and less or equal to the maximal level in the object's
`access' statement.
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4.7.7.4. The refine's description Statement
The refine's `description' statement, which must be present, gets one
argument which is used to specify a high-level textual description of
the refined compliance requirement.
4.7.8. Usage Example
The compliance statement contained in the SNMPv2-MIB [RFC3418],
converted to SMIng:
compliance snmpBasicComplianceRev2 {
oid snmpMIBCompliances.3;
status current;
description
"The compliance statement for SNMP entities which
implement this MIB module.";
mandatory (snmpGroup, snmpSetGroup, systemGroup,
snmpBasicNotificationsGroup);
optional snmpCommunityGroup {
description
"This group is mandatory for SNMP entities which
support community-based authentication.";
};
optional snmpWarmStartNotificationGroup {
description
"This group is mandatory for an SNMP entity which
supports command responder applications, and is
able to reinitialize itself such that its
configuration is unaltered.";
};
};
5. NMRG-SMING-SNMP-EXT
The grammar of the snmp statement (including all its contained
statements) conforms to the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
[RFC2234]. It is included in the abnf statement of the snmp SMIng
extension definition in the NMRG-SMING-SNMP-EXT module below.
module NMRG-SMING-SNMP-EXT {
organization "IRTF Network Management Research Group (NMRG)";
contact "IRTF Network Management Research Group (NMRG)
http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/nmrg/
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Frank Strauss
TU Braunschweig
Muehlenpfordtstrasse 23
38106 Braunschweig
Germany
Phone: +49 531 391 3266
EMail: strauss@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
Juergen Schoenwaelder
International University Bremen
P.O. Box 750 561
28725 Bremen
Germany
Phone: +49 421 200 3587
EMail: j.schoenwaelder@iu-bremen.de";
description "This module defines a SMIng extension to define
the mapping of SMIng definitions of class and
their attributes and events to SNMP compatible
definitions of modules, node, scalars, tables,
and notifications, and additional information on
module compliances.
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
All Rights Reserved.
This version of this module is part of
RFC 3781, see the RFC itself for full
legal notices.";
revision {
date "2003-12-16";
description "Initial revision, published as RFC 3781.";
};
//
//
//
extension snmp {
status current;
description
"The snmp statement maps SMIng definitions to SNMP
conformant definitions.";
abnf "
;;
;; sming-snmp.abnf -- Grammar of SNMP mappings in ABNF
;; notation (RFC 2234).
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;;
;; @(#) $Id: sming-snmp.abnf,v 1.14 2003/10/23 19:31:55 strauss Exp $
;;
;; Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
;;
;;
;; Statement rules.
;;
snmpStatement = snmpKeyword *1(sep lcIdentifier) optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
*1(oidStatement stmtsep)
*(nodeStatement stmtsep)
*(scalarsStatement stmtsep)
*(tableStatement stmtsep)
*(notificationStatement stmtsep)
*(groupStatement stmtsep)
*(complianceStatement stmtsep)
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
nodeStatement = nodeKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
oidStatement stmtsep
*1(representsStatement stmtsep)
statusStatement stmtsep
*1(descriptionStatement stmtsep)
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
representsStatement = representsKeyword sep
qucIdentifier optsep \";\"
scalarsStatement = scalarsKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
oidStatement stmtsep
1*(objectStatement stmtsep)
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
tableStatement = tableKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
oidStatement stmtsep
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anyIndexStatement stmtsep
*1(createStatement stmtsep)
1*(objectStatement stmtsep)
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
objectStatement = objectKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
implementsStatement stmtsep
*1(subidStatement stmtsep)
*1(statusStatement stmtsep)
*1(descriptionStatement stmtsep)
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
implementsStatement = implementsKeyword sep qcattrIdentifier
optsep \";\"
notificationStatement = notificationKeyword sep lcIdentifier
optsep \"{\" stmtsep
oidStatement stmtsep
signalsStatement stmtsep
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
signalsStatement = signalsKeyword sep qattrIdentifier
optsep \"{\" stmtsep
*(signalsObjectStatement)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
signalsObjectStatement = objectKeyword sep
qattrIdentifier optsep \";\"
groupStatement = groupKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
oidStatement stmtsep
membersStatement stmtsep
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
complianceStatement = complianceKeyword sep lcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" stmtsep
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oidStatement stmtsep
statusStatement stmtsep
descriptionStatement stmtsep
*1(referenceStatement stmtsep)
*1(mandatoryStatement stmtsep)
*(optionalStatement stmtsep)
*(refineStatement stmtsep)
\"}\" optsep \";\"
anyIndexStatement = indexStatement /
augmentsStatement /
reordersStatement /
extendsStatement /
expandsStatement
indexStatement = indexKeyword *1(sep impliedKeyword) optsep
\"(\" optsep qlcIdentifierList
optsep \")\" optsep \";\"
augmentsStatement = augmentsKeyword sep qlcIdentifier
optsep \";\"
reordersStatement = reordersKeyword sep qlcIdentifier
*1(sep impliedKeyword)
optsep \"(\" optsep
qlcIdentifierList optsep \")\"
optsep \";\"
extendsStatement = extendsKeyword sep qlcIdentifier optsep \";\"
expandsStatement = expandsKeyword sep qlcIdentifier
*1(sep impliedKeyword)
optsep \"(\" optsep
qlcIdentifierList optsep \")\"
optsep \";\"
createStatement = createKeyword optsep \";\"
membersStatement = membersKeyword optsep \"(\" optsep
qlcIdentifierList optsep
\")\" optsep \";\"
mandatoryStatement = mandatoryKeyword optsep \"(\" optsep
qlcIdentifierList optsep
\")\" optsep \";\"
optionalStatement = optionalKeyword sep qlcIdentifier optsep
\"{\" descriptionStatement stmtsep
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\"}\" optsep \";\"
refineStatement = refineKeyword sep qlcIdentifier optsep \"{\"
*1(typeStatement stmtsep)
*1(writetypeStatement stmtsep)
*1(accessStatement stmtsep)
descriptionStatement stmtsep
\"}\" optsep \";\"
typeStatement = typeKeyword sep
(refinedBaseType / refinedType)
optsep \";\"
writetypeStatement = writetypeKeyword sep
(refinedBaseType / refinedType)
optsep \";\"
oidStatement = oidKeyword sep objectIdentifier optsep \";\"
subidStatement = subidKeyword sep subid optsep \";\"
;;
;; Statement keywords.
;;
snmpKeyword = %x73 %x6E %x6D %x70
nodeKeyword = %x6E %x6F %x64 %x65
representsKeyword = %x72 %x65 %x70 %x72 %x65 %x73 %x65 %x6E %x74
%x73
scalarsKeyword = %x73 %x63 %x61 %x6C %x61 %x72 %x73
tableKeyword = %x74 %x61 %x62 %x6C %x65
implementsKeyword = %x69 %x6D %x70 %x6C %x65 %x6D %x65 %x6E %x74
%x73
subidKeyword = %x73 %x75 %x62 %x69 %x64
objectKeyword = %x6F %x62 %x6A %x65 %x63 %x74
notificationKeyword = %x6E %x6F %x74 %x69 %x66 %x69 %x63 %x61 %x74
%x69 %x6F %x6E
signalsKeyword = %x73 %x69 %x67 %x6E %x61 %x6C %x73
oidKeyword = %x6F %x69 %x64
groupKeyword = %x67 %x72 %x6F %x75 %x70
complianceKeyword = %x63 %x6F %x6D %x70 %x6C %x69 %x61 %x6E %x63
%x65
impliedKeyword = %x69 %x6D %x70 %x6C %x69 %x65 %x64
indexKeyword = %x69 %x6E %x64 %x65 %x78
augmentsKeyword = %x61 %x75 %x67 %x6D %x65 %x6E %x74 %x73
reordersKeyword = %x72 %x65 %x6F %x72 %x64 %x65 %x72 %x73
extendsKeyword = %x65 %x78 %x74 %x65 %x6E %x64 %x73
expandsKeyword = %x65 %x78 %x70 %x61 %x6E %x64 %x73
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 31]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
createKeyword = %x63 %x72 %x65 %x61 %x74 %x65
membersKeyword = %x6D %x65 %x6D %x62 %x65 %x72 %x73
mandatoryKeyword = %x6D %x61 %x6E %x64 %x61 %x74 %x6F %x72 %x79
optionalKeyword = %x6F %x70 %x74 %x69 %x6F %x6E %x61 %x6C
refineKeyword = %x72 %x65 %x66 %x69 %x6E %x65
writetypeKeyword = %x77 %x72 %x69 %x74 %x65 %x74 %x79 %x70 %x65
;; End of ABNF
";
};
//
//
//
snmp {
node ccitt { oid 0; };
node zeroDotZero {
oid 0.0;
description "A null value used for pointers.";
};
node iso { oid 1; };
node org { oid iso.3; };
node dod { oid org.6; };
node internet { oid dod.1; };
node directory { oid internet.1; };
node mgmt { oid internet.2; };
node mib-2 { oid mgmt.1; };
node transmission { oid mib-2.10; };
node experimental { oid internet.3; };
node private { oid internet.4; };
node enterprises { oid private.1; };
node security { oid internet.5; };
node snmpV2 { oid internet.6; };
node snmpDomains { oid snmpV2.1; };
node snmpProxys { oid snmpV2.2; };
node snmpModules { oid snmpV2.3; };
node joint-iso-ccitt { oid 2; };
status current;
description
"This set of nodes defines the core object
identifier hierarchy";
reference
"RFC 2578, Section 2.";
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 32]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
};
};
6. NMRG-SMING-SNMP
The module NMRG-SMING-SNMP specified below defines derived types that
are specific to the SNMP mapping.
module NMRG-SMING-SNMP {
organization "IRTF Network Management Research Group (NMRG)";
contact "IRTF Network Management Research Group (NMRG)
http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/nmrg/
Frank Strauss
TU Braunschweig
Muehlenpfordtstrasse 23
38106 Braunschweig
Germany
Phone: +49 531 391 3266
EMail: strauss@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
Juergen Schoenwaelder
International University Bremen
P.O. Box 750 561
28725 Bremen
Germany
Phone: +49 421 200 3587
EMail: j.schoenwaelder@iu-bremen.de";
description "Core type definitions for the SMIng SNMP mapping.
These definitions are based on RFC 2579 definitions
that are specific to the SNMP protocol and its
naming system.
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
All Rights Reserved.
This version of this module is part of
RFC 3781, see the RFC itself for full
legal notices.";
revision {
date "2003-12-16";
description "Initial version, published as RFC 3781.";
};
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 33]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
typedef TestAndIncr {
type Integer32 (0..2147483647);
description
"Represents integer-valued information used for atomic
operations. When the management protocol is used to
specify that an object instance having this type is to
be modified, the new value supplied via the management
protocol must precisely match the value presently held by
the instance. If not, the management protocol set
operation fails with an error of `inconsistentValue'.
Otherwise, if the current value is the maximum value of
2^31-1 (2147483647 decimal), then the value held by the
instance is wrapped to zero; otherwise, the value held by
the instance is incremented by one. (Note that
regardless of whether the management protocol set
operation succeeds, the variable-binding in the request
and response PDUs are identical.)
The value of the SNMP access clause for objects having
this type has to be `readwrite'. When an instance of a
columnar object having this type is created, any value
may be supplied via the management protocol.
When the network management portion of the system is re-
initialized, the value of every object instance having
this type must either be incremented from its value prior
to the re-initialization, or (if the value prior to the
re-initialization is unknown) be set to a
pseudo-randomly generated value."; };
typedef AutonomousType {
type Pointer;
description
"Represents an independently extensible type
identification value. It may, for example, indicate a
particular OID sub-tree with further MIB definitions, or
define a particular type of protocol or hardware.";
};
typedef VariablePointer {
type Pointer;
description
"A pointer to a specific object instance. For example,
sysContact.0 or ifInOctets.3.";
};
typedef RowPointer {
type Pointer;
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 34]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
description
"Represents a pointer to a conceptual row. The value is
the name of the instance of the first accessible columnar
object in the conceptual row.
For example, ifIndex.3 would point to the 3rd row in the
ifTable (note that if ifIndex were not-accessible, then
ifDescr.3 would be used instead).";
};
typedef RowStatus {
type Enumeration (active(1), notInService(2),
notReady(3), createAndGo(4),
createAndWait(5), destroy(6));
description
"The RowStatus type is used to manage the creation and
deletion of conceptual rows, and is used as the type for the
row status column of a conceptual row.
The status column has six defined values:
- `active', which indicates that the conceptual row is
available for use by the managed device;
- `notInService', which indicates that the conceptual
row exists in the agent, but is unavailable for use by
the managed device (see NOTE below);
- `notReady', which indicates that the conceptual row
exists in the agent, but is missing information
necessary in order to be available for use by the
managed device;
- `createAndGo', which is supplied by a management
station wishing to create a new instance of a
conceptual row and to have its status automatically set
to active, making it available for use by the managed
device;
- `createAndWait', which is supplied by a management
station wishing to create a new instance of a
conceptual row (but not make it available for use by
the managed device); and,
- `destroy', which is supplied by a management station
wishing to delete all of the instances associated with
an existing conceptual row.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 35]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
Whereas five of the six values (all except `notReady') may
be specified in a management protocol set operation, only
three values will be returned in response to a management
protocol retrieval operation: `notReady', `notInService' or
`active'. That is, when queried, an existing conceptual row
has only three states: it is either available for use by the
managed device (the status column has value `active'); it is
not available for use by the managed device, though the
agent has sufficient information to make it so (the status
column has value `notInService'); or, it is not available
for use by the managed device, and an attempt to make it so
would fail because the agent has insufficient information
(the state column has value `notReady').
NOTE WELL
This textual convention may be used for a MIB table,
irrespective of whether the values of that table's
conceptual rows are able to be modified while it is
active, or whether its conceptual rows must be taken
out of service in order to be modified. That is, it is
the responsibility of the DESCRIPTION clause of the
status column to specify whether the status column must
not be `active' in order for the value of some other
column of the same conceptual row to be modified. If
such a specification is made, affected columns may be
changed by an SNMP set PDU if the RowStatus would not
be equal to `active' either immediately before or after
processing the PDU. In other words, if the PDU also
contained a varbind that would change the RowStatus
value, the column in question may be changed if the
RowStatus was not equal to `active' as the PDU was
received, or if the varbind sets the status to a value
other than 'active'.
Also note that whenever any elements of a row exist, the
RowStatus column must also exist.
To summarize the effect of having a conceptual row with a
column having a type of RowStatus, consider the following
state diagram:
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 36]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
STATE
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
| A | B | C | D
| |status col.|status column|
|status column | is | is |status column
ACTION |does not exist| notReady | notInService| is active
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError ->D|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndGo |inconsistent- | | |
| Value| | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError see 1|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndWait |wrongValue | | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError
column to | Value| entValue| |
active | | | |
| | or | |
| | | |
| |see 2 ->D|see 8 ->D| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError ->C
column to | Value| entValue| |
notInService | | | |
| | or | | or
| | | |
| |see 3 ->C| ->C|see 6
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError |noError |noError |noError ->A
column to | | | | or
destroy | ->A| ->A| ->A|see 7
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set any other |see 4 |noError |noError |see 5
column to some| | | |
value | | see 1| ->C| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
(1) go to B or C, depending on information available to the
agent.
(2) if other variable bindings included in the same PDU,
provide values for all columns which are missing but
required, then return noError and goto D.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 37]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
(3) if other variable bindings included in the same PDU,
provide values for all columns which are missing but
required, then return noError and goto C.
(4) at the discretion of the agent, the return value may be
either:
inconsistentName: because the agent does not choose to
create such an instance when the corresponding
RowStatus instance does not exist, or
inconsistentValue: if the supplied value is
inconsistent with the state of some other MIB object's
value, or
noError: because the agent chooses to create the
instance.
If noError is returned, then the instance of the status
column must also be created, and the new state is B or C,
depending on the information available to the agent. If
inconsistentName or inconsistentValue is returned, the row
remains in state A.
(5) depending on the MIB definition for the column/table,
either noError or inconsistentValue may be returned.
(6) the return value can indicate one of the following
errors:
wrongValue: because the agent does not support
createAndWait, or
inconsistentValue: because the agent is unable to take
the row out of service at this time, perhaps because it
is in use and cannot be de-activated.
(7) the return value can indicate the following error:
inconsistentValue: because the agent is unable to
remove the row at this time, perhaps because it is in
use and cannot be de-activated.
NOTE: Other processing of the set request may result in a
response other than noError being returned, e.g.,
wrongValue, noCreation, etc.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 38]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
Conceptual Row Creation
There are four potential interactions when creating a
conceptual row: selecting an instance-identifier which is
not in use; creating the conceptual row; initializing any
objects for which the agent does not supply a default; and,
making the conceptual row available for use by the managed
device.
Interaction 1: Selecting an Instance-Identifier
The algorithm used to select an instance-identifier varies
for each conceptual row. In some cases, the instance-
identifier is semantically significant, e.g., the
destination address of a route, and a management station
selects the instance-identifier according to the semantics.
In other cases, the instance-identifier is used solely to
distinguish conceptual rows, and a management station
without specific knowledge of the conceptual row might
examine the instances present in order to determine an
unused instance-identifier. (This approach may be used, but
it is often highly sub-optimal; however, it is also a
questionable practice for a naive management station to
attempt conceptual row creation.)
Alternately, the MIB module which defines the conceptual row
might provide one or more objects which provide assistance
in determining an unused instance-identifier. For example,
if the conceptual row is indexed by an integer-value, then
an object having an integer-valued SYNTAX clause might be
defined for such a purpose, allowing a management station to
issue a management protocol retrieval operation. In order
to avoid unnecessary collisions between competing management
stations, `adjacent' retrievals of this object should be
different.
Finally, the management station could select a pseudo-random
number to use as the index. In the event that this index
was already in use and an inconsistentValue was returned in
response to the management protocol set operation, the
management station should simply select a new pseudo-random
number and retry the operation.
A MIB designer should choose between the two latter
algorithms based on the size of the table (and therefore the
efficiency of each algorithm). For tables in which a large
number of entries are expected, it is recommended that a MIB
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 39]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
object be defined that returns an acceptable index for
creation. For tables with small numbers of entries, it is
recommended that the latter pseudo-random index mechanism be
used.
Interaction 2: Creating the Conceptual Row
Once an unused instance-identifier has been selected, the
management station determines if it wishes to create and
activate the conceptual row in one transaction or in a
negotiated set of interactions.
Interaction 2a: Creating and Activating the Conceptual Row
The management station must first determine the column
requirements, i.e., it must determine those columns for
which it must or must not provide values. Depending on the
complexity of the table and the management station's
knowledge of the agent's capabilities, this determination
can be made locally by the management station. Alternately,
the management station issues a management protocol get
operation to examine all columns in the conceptual row that
it wishes to create. In response, for each column, there
are three possible outcomes:
- a value is returned, indicating that some other
management station has already created this conceptual
row. We return to interaction 1.
- the exception `noSuchInstance' is returned,
indicating that the agent implements the object-type
associated with this column, and that this column in at
least one conceptual row would be accessible in the MIB
view used by the retrieval were it to exist. For those
columns to which the agent provides read-create access,
the `noSuchInstance' exception tells the management
station that it should supply a value for this column
when the conceptual row is to be created.
- the exception `noSuchObject' is returned, indicating
that the agent does not implement the object-type
associated with this column or that there is no
conceptual row for which this column would be
accessible in the MIB view used by the retrieval. As
such, the management station can not issue any
management protocol set operations to create an
instance of this column.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 40]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
Once the column requirements have been determined, a
management protocol set operation is accordingly issued.
This operation also sets the new instance of the status
column to `createAndGo'.
When the agent processes the set operation, it verifies that
it has sufficient information to make the conceptual row
available for use by the managed device. The information
available to the agent is provided by two sources: the
management protocol set operation which creates the
conceptual row, and, implementation-specific defaults
supplied by the agent (note that an agent must provide
implementation-specific defaults for at least those objects
which it implements as read-only). If there is sufficient
information available, then the conceptual row is created, a
`noError' response is returned, the status column is set to
`active', and no further interactions are necessary (i.e.,
interactions 3 and 4 are skipped). If there is insufficient
information, then the conceptual row is not created, and the
set operation fails with an error of `inconsistentValue'.
On this error, the management station can issue a management
protocol retrieval operation to determine if this was
because it failed to specify a value for a required column,
or, because the selected instance of the status column
already existed. In the latter case, we return to
interaction 1. In the former case, the management station
can re-issue the set operation with the additional
information, or begin interaction 2 again using
`createAndWait' in order to negotiate creation of the
conceptual row.
NOTE WELL
Regardless of the method used to determine the column
requirements, it is possible that the management
station might deem a column necessary when, in fact,
the agent will not allow that particular columnar
instance to be created or written. In this case, the
management protocol set operation will fail with an
error such as `noCreation' or `notWritable'. In this
case, the management station decides whether it needs
to be able to set a value for that particular columnar
instance. If not, the management station re-issues the
management protocol set operation, but without setting
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 41]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
a value for that particular columnar instance;
otherwise, the management station aborts the row
creation algorithm.
Interaction 2b: Negotiating the Creation of the Conceptual
Row
The management station issues a management protocol set
operation which sets the desired instance of the status
column to `createAndWait'. If the agent is unwilling to
process a request of this sort, the set operation fails with
an error of `wrongValue'. (As a consequence, such an agent
must be prepared to accept a single management protocol set
operation, i.e., interaction 2a above, containing all of the
columns indicated by its column requirements.) Otherwise,
the conceptual row is created, a `noError' response is
returned, and the status column is immediately set to either
`notInService' or `notReady', depending on whether it has
sufficient information to make the conceptual row available
for use by the managed device. If there is sufficient
information available, then the status column is set to
`notInService'; otherwise, if there is insufficient
information, then the status column is set to `notReady'.
Regardless, we proceed to interaction 3.
Interaction 3: Initializing non-defaulted Objects
The management station must now determine the column
requirements. It issues a management protocol get operation
to examine all columns in the created conceptual row. In
the response, for each column, there are three possible
outcomes:
- a value is returned, indicating that the agent
implements the object-type associated with this column
and had sufficient information to provide a value. For
those columns to which the agent provides read-create
access (and for which the agent allows their values to
be changed after their creation), a value return tells
the management station that it may issue additional
management protocol set operations, if it desires, in
order to change the value associated with this column.
- the exception `noSuchInstance' is returned,
indicating that the agent implements the object-type
associated with this column, and that this column in at
least one conceptual row would be accessible in the MIB
view used by the retrieval were it to exist. However,
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 42]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
the agent does not have sufficient information to
provide a value, and until a value is provided, the
conceptual row may not be made available for use by the
managed device. For those columns to which the agent
provides read-create access, the `noSuchInstance'
exception tells the management station that it must
issue additional management protocol set operations, in
order to provide a value associated with this column.
- the exception `noSuchObject' is returned, indicating
that the agent does not implement the object-type
associated with this column or that there is no
conceptual row for which this column would be
accessible in the MIB view used by the retrieval. As
such, the management station can not issue any
management protocol set operations to create an
instance of this column.
If the value associated with the status column is
`notReady', then the management station must first deal with
all `noSuchInstance' columns, if any. Having done so, the
value of the status column becomes `notInService', and we
proceed to interaction 4.
Interaction 4: Making the Conceptual Row Available
Once the management station is satisfied with the values
associated with the columns of the conceptual row, it issues
a management protocol set operation to set the status column
to `active'. If the agent has sufficient information to
make the conceptual row available for use by the managed
device, the management protocol set operation succeeds (a
`noError' response is returned). Otherwise, the management
protocol set operation fails with an error of
`inconsistentValue'.
NOTE WELL
A conceptual row having a status column with value
`notInService' or `notReady' is unavailable to the
managed device. As such, it is possible for the
managed device to create its own instances during the
time between the management protocol set operation
which sets the status column to `createAndWait' and the
management protocol set operation which sets the status
column to `active'. In this case, when the management
protocol set operation is issued to set the status
column to `active', the values held in the agent
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 43]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
supersede those used by the managed device.
If the management station is prevented from setting the
status column to `active' (e.g., due to management station or
network failure) the conceptual row will be left in the
`notInService' or `notReady' state, consuming resources
indefinitely. The agent must detect conceptual rows that
have been in either state for an abnormally long period of
time and remove them. It is the responsibility of the
DESCRIPTION clause of the status column to indicate what an
abnormally long period of time would be. This period of time
should be long enough to allow for human response time
(including `think time') between the creation of the
conceptual row and the setting of the status to `active'. In
the absence of such information in the DESCRIPTION clause, it
is suggested that this period be approximately 5 minutes in
length. This removal action applies not only to newly-
created rows, but also to previously active rows which are
set to, and left in, the notInService state for a prolonged
period exceeding that which is considered normal for such a
conceptual row.
Conceptual Row Suspension
When a conceptual row is `active', the management station
may issue a management protocol set operation which sets the
instance of the status column to `notInService'. If the
agent is unwilling to do so, the set operation fails with an
error of `wrongValue' or `inconsistentValue'.
Otherwise, the conceptual row is taken out of service, and a
`noError' response is returned. It is the responsibility of
the DESCRIPTION clause of the status column to indicate
under what circumstances the status column should be taken
out of service (e.g., in order for the value of some other
column of the same conceptual row to be modified).
Conceptual Row Deletion
For deletion of conceptual rows, a management protocol set
operation is issued which sets the instance of the status
column to `destroy'. This request may be made regardless of
the current value of the status column (e.g., it is possible
to delete conceptual rows which are either `notReady',
`notInService' or `active'.) If the operation succeeds, then
all instances associated with the conceptual row are
immediately removed.";
};
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 44]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
typedef StorageType {
type Enumeration (other(1), volatile(2),
nonVolatile(3), permanent(4),
readOnly(5));
description
"Describes the memory realization of a conceptual row. A
row which is volatile(2) is lost upon reboot. A row
which is either nonVolatile(3), permanent(4) or
readOnly(5), is backed up by stable storage. A row which
is permanent(4) can be changed but not deleted. A row
which is readOnly(5) cannot be changed nor deleted.
If the value of an object with this syntax is either
permanent(4) or readOnly(5), it cannot be modified.
Conversely, if the value is either other(1), volatile(2)
or nonVolatile(3), it cannot be modified to be
permanent(4) or readOnly(5). (All illegal modifications
result in a 'wrongValue' error.)
Every usage of this textual convention is required to
specify the columnar objects which a permanent(4) row
must at a minimum allow to be writable.";
};
typedef TDomain {
type Pointer;
description
"Denotes a kind of transport service.
Some possible values, such as snmpUDPDomain, are defined
in the SNMPv2-TM MIB module. Other possible values are
defined in other MIB modules."
reference
"The SNMPv2-TM MIB module is defined in RFC 3417."
};
typedef TAddressOrZero {
type OctetString (0..255);
description
"Denotes a transport service address.
A TAddress value is always interpreted within the context
of a TDomain value. Thus, each definition of a TDomain
value must be accompanied by a definition of a textual
convention for use with that TDomain. Some possible
textual conventions, such as SnmpUDPAddress for
snmpUDPDomain, are defined in the SNMPv2-TM MIB module.
Other possible textual conventions are defined in other
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 45]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
MIB modules.
A zero-length TAddress value denotes an unknown transport
service address."
reference
"The SNMPv2-TM MIB module is defined in RFC 3417."
};
typedef TAddress {
type TAddressOrZero (1..255);
description
"Denotes a transport service address.
This type does not allow a zero-length TAddress value."
};
};
7. Security Considerations
This document presents an extension of the SMIng data definition
language which supports the mapping of SMIng data definitions so that
they can be used with the SNMP management framework. The language
extension and the mapping itself has no security impact on the
Internet.
8. Acknowledgements
Since SMIng started as a close successor of SMIv2, some paragraphs
and phrases are directly taken from the SMIv2 specifications
[RFC2578], [RFC2579], [RFC2580] written by Jeff Case, Keith
McCloghrie, David Perkins, Marshall T. Rose, Juergen Schoenwaelder,
and Steven L. Waldbusser.
The authors would like to thank all participants of the 7th NMRG
meeting held in Schloss Kleinheubach from 6-8 September 2000, which
was a major step towards the current status of this memo, namely
Heiko Dassow, David Durham, Keith McCloghrie, and Bert Wijnen.
Furthermore, several discussions within the SMING Working Group
reflected experience with SMIv2 and influenced this specification at
some points.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 46]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC3780] Strauss, F. and J. Schoenwaelder, "SMIng - Next Generation
Structure of Management Information", RFC 3780, May 2004.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC3410] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D. and B. Stewart,
"Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet
Standard Management Framework", RFC 3410, December 2002.
[RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)",
STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, "Textual
Conventions for SMIv2", STD 59, RFC 2579, April 1999.
[RFC2580] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 60, RFC 2580,
April 1999.
[ASN1] International Organization for Standardization,
"Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)",
International Standard 8824, December 1987.
[RFC3159] McCloghrie, K., Fine, M., Seligson, J., Chan, K., Hahn,
S., Sahita, R., Smith, A. and F. Reichmeyer, "Structure of
Policy Provisioning Information (SPPI)", RFC 3159, August
2001.
[IEEE754] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "IEEE
Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic", ANSI/IEEE
Standard 754-1985, August 1985.
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 47]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
[RFC3418] Presuhn, R., Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Management Information Base (MIB) for the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", STD 62, RFC
3418, December 2002.
[RFC3416] Presuhn, R., Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S.
Waldbusser, "Version 2 of the Protocol Operations for the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", STD 62, RFC
3416, December 2002.
Authors' Addresses
Frank Strauss
TU Braunschweig
Muehlenpfordtstrasse 23
38106 Braunschweig
Germany
Phone: +49 531 391 3266
EMail: strauss@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
URI: http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/
Juergen Schoenwaelder
International University Bremen
P.O. Box 750 561
28725 Bremen
Germany
Phone: +49 421 200 3587
EMail: j.schoenwaelder@iu-bremen.de
URI: http://www.eecs.iu-bremen.de/
Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 48]RFC 3781 SMIng Mappings to SNMP May 2004
Full Copyright Statement
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Strauss & Schoenwaelder Experimental [Page 49]
